Influence of Ultra-Thin Ge₃N₄ Passivation Layer on Structural, Interfacial, and Electrical Properties of HfO₂/Ge Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Devices.

We report the effects of the nitride passivation layer on the structural, electrical, and interfacial properties of Ge metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) devices with a hafnium oxide (HfO₂) gate dielectric layer deposited on -type 〈100〉 Ge substrates. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed the chemical states and formation of HfO₂/Ge₃N₄ on Ge. The interfacial quality and thickness of the layers grown on Ge were confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.

Are Local Anesthesia Vials Similar to Champagne: Do they Lose their Potency Once Opened?: An study.

Background And Objectives: Epinephrine is volatile and unstable on exposure to air. Addition of sodium metabisulfite as an antioxidant has been effective, but there are no clear-cut consensus on its efficiency in retarding the oxidation that sets in once the anesthetic vials are kept open with a needle . There is a paucity of scientific data regarding the risks of reuse of anesthetic vials following the use of cartridges, a common practice in western countries.