Molecular detection of isoniazid monoresistance improves tuberculosis treatment: A retrospective cohort in France.

Objectives: Isoniazid-monoresistant tuberculosis (HR-TB) requires early diagnosis and adapted treatment to achieve optimal outcomes. The primary aim of the study was to assess the impact of the implementation of rapid diagnostic tests on HR-TB treatment in France.

Methods: We designed a retrospective multicentre study including consecutive HR-TB patients diagnosed in 2016 and 2017.

A Comprehensive Evaluation of GeneLEAD VIII DNA Platform Combined to Deeplex Myc-TB Assay to Detect in 8 Days Drug Resistance to 13 Antituberculous Drugs and Transmission of Complex Directly From Clinical Samples.

The GeneLEAD VIII (Diagenode, Belgium) is a new, fully automated, sample-to-result precision instrument for the extraction of DNA and PCR detection of complex (MTBC) directly from clinical samples. The Deeplex Myc-TB assay (Genoscreen, France) is a diagnostic kit based on the deep sequencing of a 24-plexed amplicon mix allowing simultaneously the detection of resistance to 13 antituberculous (antiTB) drugs and the determination of spoligotype. We evaluated the performance of a strategy combining the both mentioned tools to detect directly from clinical samples, in 8 days, MTBC and its resistance to 13 antiTB drugs, and identify potential transmission of strains from patient-to-patient.

Isoniazid-monoresistant tuberculosis in France: Risk factors, treatment outcomes and adverse events.

Objectives: Isoniazid-monoresistant tuberculosis (HR-TB) is the most prevalent form of drug-resistant TB worldwide and in France and is associated with poorer treatment outcomes compared with drug-susceptible TB (DS-TB). The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics of HR-TB patients in France and to compare outcomes and safety of treatment for HR-TB and DS-TB.

Methods: We performed a case-control multicenter study to identify risk factors associated with HR-TB and compare treatment outcomes and safety between HR-TB patients and DS-TB patients.

Estimation of the soil hydraulic properties from field data by solving an inverse problem.

Estimating unsaturated soil hydraulic properties to predict water dynamics through a vertical soil profile under the effects of irrigation, drainage and evapotranspiration is imperative for managing soils in the arid regions. The aim of this work was to determine the soil water retention curve and the hydraulic permeability function of a bare soil profile in a Tunisian oasis threatened by salinization. The developed model combines a numerical inversion of the unsaturated flow equation with the BOBYQA optimisation algorithm.

[Molecular diagnosis of tuberculosis].

Tuberculosis is caused by the M. tuberculosis complex. Its slow growth delays the bacteriological diagnosis based on phenotypic tests.

Rational Choice of Antibiotics and Media for Complex Drug Susceptibility Testing.

The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommends the use of Mueller Hinton (MH) medium to perform drug susceptibility testing (DST) of complex (MAC) using the microdilution method. For MAC, there has been no study on the impact of media on the determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antibiotics other than clarithromycin. This study aimed at determining the impact of two media used for DST of MAC and at augmenting the number of pertinent MICs for MAC species encountered in clinical practice.

Multidisciplinary advisory teams to manage multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: the example of the French Consilium.

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment should be managed in collaboration with multidisciplinary advisory committees (consilia). A formal national Consilium has been established in France since 2005 to provide a centralised advisory service for clinicians managing MDR-TB and extensively drug-resistant (XDR-TB) cases. Review the activity of the French TB Consilium since its establishment.

Influence of environmental and anthropogenic factors on the composition, concentration and spatial distribution of microplastics: A case study of the Bay of Brest (Brittany, France).

The concentration and spatial distribution of microplastics in the Bay of Brest (Brittany, France) was investigated in two surveys. Surface water and sediment were sampled at nine locations in areas characterized by contrasting anthropic pressures, riverine influences or water mixing. Microplastics were categorized by their polymer type and size class.

Hemolysis indexes for biochemical tests and immunoassays on Roche analyzers: determination of allowable interference limits according to different calculation methods.

Objectives: To determine the hemolysis interference on biochemical tests and immunoassays performed on Roche Diagnostics analyzers, according to different maximum allowable limits.

Design And Methods: Heparinized plasma and serum pools, free of interferences, were overloaded by increasing amounts of a hemoglobin-titrated hemolysate. This interference was evaluated for 45 analytes using Modular(®) and Cobas(®) analyzers.