The Impact of Cerebral Ischemia on Antioxidant Enzymes Activity and Neuronal Damage in the Hippocampus.

Cerebral ischemia and subsequent reperfusion, leading to reduced blood supply to specific brain areas, remain significant contributors to neurological damage, disability, and mortality. Among the vulnerable regions, the subcortical areas, including the hippocampus, are particularly susceptible to ischemia-induced injuries, with the extent of damage influenced by the different stages of ischemia. Neural tissue undergoes various changes and damage due to intricate biochemical reactions involving free radicals, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and glutamate toxicity.

Tau Protein Biosensors in the Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Tau protein plays a crucial role in diagnosing neurodegenerative diseases. However, performing an assay to detect tau protein on a nanoscale is a great challenge for early diagnosis of diseases. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western-blotting, and molecular-based methods, e.

Aging and age-related diseases with a focus on therapeutic potentials of young blood/plasma.

Aging is accompanied by alterations in the body with time-related to decline of physiological integrity and functionality process, responsible for increasing diseases and vulnerability to death. Several ages associated with biomarkers were observed in red blood cells, and consequently plasma proteins have a critical rejuvenating role in the aging process and age-related disorders. Advanced age is a risk factor for a broad spectrum of diseases and disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal disorders and liver, chronic kidney disease, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer because of loss of regenerative capacity, correlated to reduced systemic factors and raise of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Biosensors technology for anti-epileptic drugs.

A broad group of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) often controls the frequency of seizures. Given the variability of pharmacokinetics, narrow target range, and the difficulty of identifying signs of toxicity from laboratory responses, therapeutic monitoring of AEDs plays a vital role in optimizing drug administration. Nanomaterials, especially biosensor-based methods, can facilitate the analysis of these agents with unique advantages such as rapid analysis, sensitivity, selectivity, and low cost.

Protective Effects of Enriched Environment Against Transient Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Impairment of Passive Avoidance Memory and Long-Term Potentiation in Rats.

Introduction: Enriched Environment (EE), a complex novel environment, has been demonstrated to improve synaptic plasticity in both injured and intact animals. The present study investigated the capacity of an early environmental intervention to normalize the impairment of passive avoidance memory and Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) induced by transient bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (2-vessel occlusion, 2VO) in rats.

Methods: After weaning, young Wistar rats (22 days old) were housed in EE or Standard Environment (SE) for 40 days.

Effects of the Oral Ingestion of Probiotics on Brain Damage in a Transient Model of Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Mice.

Background: Probiotics are microorganisms that may influence brain function via altering brain neurochemistry. New research evidence suggests that probiotic bacteria might protect tissue damage through diminishing the production of free radicals and/or inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of probiotic bacteria on the prevention or reduction of brain damage in an experimental model of stroke in mice.

Lavandula Reduces Heart Injury via Attenuating Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and Oxidative Stress in A Rat Model of Infarct-Like Myocardial Injury.

Objective: Lavender is used in herbal medicine for different therapeutic purposes. Nonetheless, potential therapeutic effects of this plant in ischemic heart disease and its possible mechanisms remain to be investigated.

Materials And Methods: In this experimental study, lavender oil at doses of 200, 400 or 800 mg/kg was administered through gastric gavage for 14 days before infarct-like myocardial injury (MI).

The Effect of Oral Consumption of Probiotics in Prevention of Heart Injury in a Rat Myocardial Infarction Model: a Histopathological, Hemodynamic and Biochemical Evaluation.

Background: Despite the emerging evidence on beneficial effects of probiotics on the cardiovascular system, their impact on the management of ischemic heart diseases and its possible mechanism have not been elucidated.

Methods: Four viable probiotics bacterial strains, including Bifidobacterium breve, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Lactobacillus acidophilus, at the concentrations of 2×106 colony-forming units/ml were orally administered to the rats daily for 14 days before the induction of infarct-like myocardial injury using isoproterenol. Subsequently, 24 h after myocardial injury, the right carotid artery and the left ventricle were catheterized for recording blood pressure and cardiac parameters.