Site-directed mutagenesis in bacteriorhodopsin mutants and their characterization for bioelectrical and biotechnological equipment.

Bacteriorhodopsin (BR) mutagenesis plays an important role in the development of BR-based materials and tools with enhanced optical and electrical properties. Previously reported protocols for generating BR mutations are inefficient for the preparation and purification of mutant proteins. Therefore, a series of BR mutations were generated by using improved methods, which are described in further detail.