Therapeutic properties of botulinum toxin on chronic anal fissure treatment and the patient factors role.

Background: One of the most frequent distressing diseases which causes anal pain and bleeding after defecation is anal fissure. Despite a poorly understood pathogenesis, the internal anal sphincter spasm has been identified to play a central role in pathogenesis. Recently, botulinum toxin is being used increasingly for the treatment of chronic anal fissure to achieve chemical sphincterotomy and reduce internal sphincter tonicity.

Comparing clomiphen citrate plus HMG with clomiphen citrate plus rFSH in IUI cycles in couples with unexplained or male factor infertility: A prospective randomized study.

Background: Different protocols are used for controlled ovarian hyper stimulation (COH), but the optimal method has not yet been determined.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) using clomiphen citrate (CC) plus HMG versus CC plus rFSH in intra uterine insemination cycles (IUI).

Materials And Methods: 144 women with unexplained or male factor infertility undergoing IUI cycles were randomized (72 patients in CC plus rFSH group and 72 patients in CC plus HMG group) and included in this single blind study from October 2006 to June 2010.

Pregnancies following the use of sequential treatment of metformin and incremental doses of letrozole in clomiphen-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Background: Clomiphen citrate (CC) is the first line therapy for women with infertility and poly cystic ovary syndrome( PCOS). However, 20-25% of women are resistant to CC and do not ovulate.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of sequential treatment of metformin and incremental doses of letrozole in induction of ovulation in cases of CC-resistant PCOS patients.