Transcriptome Analysis of Platelet-Rich Plasma-Treated Osteoarthritic Chondrocyte.

As a blood-derived biomaterial, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been considered a potential therapy and tried in knee and hip osteoarthritis with beneficial effects as an anti-inflammatory and potent regenerative agent. To better understand the substantial effect of PRP on chondrocytes in an inflammatory environment, we analyzed the transcriptome profile by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) after PRP administration in IL-1-treated osteoarthritic chondrocytes which were isolated from human knee articular cartilage tissue. A total of 24,424 genes were analyzed, and significant changes in expression were observed for 226 genes in the control (CTL) versus IL-1 group and 300 genes in the IL-1 versus IL-1+PRP group.

Limitations of fluorescent timer protein maturation kinetics to isolate transcriptionally synchronized human neural progenitor cells.

Differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into subtype-specific neurons holds substantial potential for disease modeling . For successful differentiation, a detailed understanding of the transcriptional networks regulating cell fate decisions is critical. The heterochronic nature of neurodevelopment, during which distinct cells in the brain and during differentiation acquire their fates in an unsynchronized manner, hinders pooled transcriptional comparisons.

Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of Meniscal Repair Versus Partial Meniscectomy for Medial Meniscus Root Tears: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Given the superiority of meniscal repair over partial meniscectomy according to biomechanical data, the clinical outcomes of meniscal repair are likely to be better than those of partial meniscectomy for a medial meniscus root tear (MMRT).

Purpose/hypothesis: This review was designed to compare the clinical and radiological results between meniscal repair and partial meniscectomy for MMRTs. It was hypothesized that meniscal repair would result in better clinical and radiological results compared with partial meniscectomy.

Clinical and Radiological Outcomes After Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis Versus Microfracture of the Knee: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis With a Minimum 2-Year Follow-up.

Background: Microfracture (MFx) is the most common procedure for treating chondral lesions in the knee; however, initial improvements decline after 2 years. Autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC) may overcome this shortcoming by combining MFx with collagen scaffolds. However, the outcomes of AMIC and MFx in the knee have not been compared.

Microstructural Evolution of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloys in Accordance with Homogenization Time.

The microstructural evolution of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys has been investigated for the homogenization time effect on the texture, grain orientation and dislocation density. The Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys were casted and homogenized for 4, 8, 16 and 24 hours. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis was conducted to characterize the microstructural behavior.

Well-Defined Dual Light- and Thermo-Responsive Rod-Coil Block Copolymers Containing an Azobenzene, MEOMA and OEGMA.

Here we report the dual light- and thermo-responsive behavior of well-defined rod-coil block copolymers composed of an azobenzene unit, 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate (MEOMA) and oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (OEGMA). Azobenzene-containing rigid rod blocks prepared by chain growth condensation polymerization of the azobenzene containing monomer were used as a macroinitiator of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) after attaching an α-bromoisobutyryl group as an end group. Synthesis of well-defined rod-coil block copolymers with different coil block lengths was achieved by copolymerization of MEOMA and OEGMA monomers.

Interpersonal Violence and Maxillofacial Fractures.

Purpose: Accident Compensation Corporation statistics shows that maxillofacial fracture affects 11,000 people with an approximate $90 million annual cost in New Zealand dollars (NZD). Previous studies have demonstrated interpersonal violence (IPV), road traffic accidents (RTAs), sports injury, and falls being the common causes of maxillofacial fracture. This study investigated the causes and associated alcohol and/or drug use and fracture patterns in patients presenting with maxillofacial fractures in the Wellington region.

Gradual change in knee extension following total knee arthroplasty using ultracongruent inserts.

Background: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using an ultracongruent (UC) insert is widely performed. Lack of the posterior cruciate ligament or post-cam mechanism is a concern in terms of range of motion. The flexion angle of UC TKA had been well investigated; however, natural history and correlation factors of the postoperative extension angle have not been well documented.

Introducing a Spectrum of Long-Range Genomic Deletions in Human Embryonic Stem Cells Using Type I CRISPR-Cas.

CRISPR-Cas systems enable microbial adaptive immunity and provide eukaryotic genome editing tools. These tools employ a single effector enzyme of type II or V CRISPR to generate RNA-guided, precise genome breaks. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of using type I CRISPR-Cas to effectively introduce a spectrum of long-range chromosomal deletions with a single RNA guide in human embryonic stem cells and HAP1 cells.

Patellar Redislocation Rates and Clinical Outcomes After Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction: Suture Anchor Versus Double Transpatellar Tunnel Fixation.

Background: Few studies to date have compared clinical outcomes in patients who have undergone medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction using the suture anchor and double transpatellar tunnel fixation methods. This meta-analysis therefore compared the clinical results, including the patellar redislocation rate and improvement in functional scores, of suture anchor and double transpatellar tunnel fixation.

Hypothesis: The recurrence rate and improvement in functional outcomes after surgery would be similar using the suture anchor and double transpatellar tunnel fixation methods.

Comparative postural stability in patients with lateral meniscus versus medial meniscus tears.

Background: Types of mechanoreceptors may differ between the medial and lateral menisci, suggesting that postural stability may differ between patients with medial and lateral meniscus tears. However, to date, postural stability has not been compared in patients with medial and lateral meniscus tears. This study used stabilometry to compare postural stability in patients with medial and lateral meniscus tears.

Bearing Dislocation and Progression of Osteoarthritis After Mobile-bearing Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty Vary Between Asian and Western Patients: A Meta-analysis.

Background: Implant survivorship is reported to be lower and complications, particularly bearing dislocation, are reported to be more frequent in Asian than in Western patients with medial knee osteoarthritis (OA) undergoing Oxford® Phase III unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). To date, however, these complications have not been compared between these groups of patients.

Questions/purposes: The purpose of this study was to perform a meta-analysis comparing the standardized incidence rates of (1) all-cause reoperation; (2) reoperation related to bearing dislocation; and (3) reoperation related to progression of lateral compartment arthritis in Asian and Western patients with medial knee OA who underwent Oxford Phase III UKA.

Delocalized Plastic Flow in Proton-Irradiated Monolithic Metallic Glasses.

Creating new materials with novel properties through structural modification is the Holy Grail of materials science. The range of targetable structures for amplification of mechanical properties in metallic glasses would include types of atomic short range orders at the smallest scale through compositions or morphologies of phases in composites. Even though the usefulness of the latter approach has been successfully demonstrated in the past decades, the feasibility of the former has been incompletely proved with only marginal property improvements reported within experimentally-accessible atomic-level structural changes.

Clinical and radiologic results of arthroscopic biceps tenodesis with suture anchor in the setting of rotator cuff tear.

Background: The purpose of this study was to report clinical and radiologic results of arthroscopic biceps tenodesis with 1 suture anchor in rotator cuff tear patients.

Methods: During a 2-year period, 84 consecutive patients (45 men; 39 women) who underwent arthroscopic tenodesis were evaluated retrospectively. Mean age was 58 years.

Photoinduced reversible transmittance modulation of rod-coil type diblock copolymers containing azobenzene in the main chain.

Photoinduced reversible transmittance modulation was achieved with the self-assembled block copolymer micelles. A large conformational change of the well-defined rod-coil diblock copolymers containing azobenzene and ether groups in the main chain of the rod block induced a remarkable macroscopic change which can be observed with the naked eye.