This study demonstrated that NiO and Ni(OH) as Ni(II) catalysts exhibited significant activity for organic oxidation in the presence of various oxyanions, such as hypochlorous acid (HOCl), peroxymonosulfate (PMS), and peroxydisulfate (PDS), which markedly contrasted with Co-based counterparts exclusively activating PMS to yield sulfate radicals. The oxidizing capacity of the Ni catalyst/oxyanion varied depending on the oxyanion type. Ni catalyst/PMS (or HOCl) degraded a broad spectrum of organics, whereas PDS enabled selective phenol oxidation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurrent research on organic light emitters which utilize multiple resonance-induced thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) materials is gaining significant interest because of the materials' ability to efficiently generate color-pure blue emission. However, the underlying reasons for high color purity remain unclear. It is shown here that these emitters share a common electronic basis, which is deduced from resonance structure considerations following Clar's rule, and which is termed as "poly-heteroaromatic omni-delocalization" (PHOD).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe abatement of micropollutants by ozonation can be accurately calculated by measuring the exposures of molecular ozone (O) and hydroxyl radical (OH) (i.e., ∫[O]dt and ∫[OH]dt).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Although pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models of remimazolam have been developed, their clinical application remains limited. This study aimed to administer a target-controlled infusion (TCI) of remimazolam at the effect-site concentration (Ce) in patients undergoing general anesthesia and to investigate the relationship of the remimazolam Ce with sedative effects and with recovery from general anesthesia.
Methods: Fifty patients aged 20-75 years, scheduled for minimally invasive surgery under general anesthesia for less than 2 h, were enrolled.
Augmented reality (AR) applications require displays with an extended color gamut to facilitate the presentation of increasingly immersive content. The waveguide (WG) display technology, which is typical AR demonstration method, is a critical constraint on the color gamut of AR systems because of the intrinsic properties of the holographic optical elements (HOEs) used in this technology. To overcome this limitation, we introduce a method of spatially modulated diffractive optics that can expand the color gamut of HOE-based WG displays.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn developing an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) panel for a foldable smartphone (specifically, a color filter on encapsulation) aimed at reducing power consumption, the use of a new optically clear adhesive (OCA) that blocks UV light was crucial. However, the incorporation of a UV-blocking agent within the OCA presented a challenge, as it restricted the traditional UV-curing methods commonly used in the manufacturing process. Although a visible-light curing technique for producing UV-blocking OCA was proposed, its slow curing speed posed a barrier to commercialization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOwing to the surge in plastic waste generated during the COVID-19 pandemic, concerns regarding microplastic pollution in aqueous environments are increasing. Since microplastics (MPs) are broken down into submicron (< 1 µm) and nanoscale plastics, their real-time morphological detection in water is necessary. However, the decrease in the scattering cross-section of MPs in aqueous media precludes morphological detection by bright-field microscopy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn this work, we present a multi-mode resonator based on SU-8 polymer and experimentally verify that the resonator showed mode discrimination can be used as a sensor with high performance. According to field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images, the fabricated resonator shows sidewall roughness which is canonically considered to be undesirable after a typical development process. In order to analyze the effect of sidewall roughness, we conduct the resonator simulation considering the roughness under various conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
April 2023
Reactive chlorine-mediated electrochemical water treatment necessitates selective chlorine evolution reaction (ClER) versus parallel oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in mild pH (7-10), with minimal deployments of precious electrocatalysts. This study reports NiFeO/TiO heterojunction anode prepared by a straightforward sol-gel coating with thermal decomposition at 425 °C. The ClER current efficiency (CE, 70%) and energy efficiency (2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRelapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation and deterioration of cartilaginous structures such as the ears, nose, joints and laryngotracheobronchial tree. A 42-year-old man receiving treatment for RP underwent open reduction and internal fixation of a femur fracture under spinal anesthesia and with sedation by propofol and remifentanil. The level of sedation was monitored via a bispectral index (BIS), and maintained at between 60 and 80.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe fate and transport of microplastics (MPs) during deep bed filtration were investigated using combined laboratory experiments and numerical modeling. A series of column experiments were conducted within the designated ranges of six operating parameters (i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGiven the widespread use of TiO, its release into aquatic systems and complexation with dissolved organic matter (DOM) are highly possible, making it important to understand how such interactions affect photocatalytic activity under visible light. Here, we show that humic acid/TiO complexes (HA/TiO) exhibit photoactivity (without significant electron-hole activation) under visible light through ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT). The observed visible-light activities for pollutant removal and bacterial inactivation are primarily linked to the generation of HO the conduction band.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study reexamined the mechanisms for oxidative organic degradation by the binary mixture of periodate and HO (PI/HO) that was recently identified as a new advanced oxidation process. Our findings conflicted with the previous claims that (i) hydroxyl radical (OH) and singlet oxygen (O) contributed as the primary oxidants, and (ii) OH production resulted from HO reduction by superoxide radical anion (O). PI/HO exhibited substantial oxidizing capacity at pH < 5, decomposing organics predominantly by OH.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMechanical properties of biological systems provide useful information about the biochemical status of cells and tissues. Here, an artificial tactile neuron enabling spiking representation of stiffness and spiking neural network (SNN)-based learning for disease diagnosis is reported. An artificial spiking tactile neuron based on an ovonic threshold switch serving as an artificial soma and a piezoresistive sensor as an artificial mechanoreceptor is developed and shown to encode the elastic stiffness of pressed materials into spike frequency evolution patterns.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe report presents the operation status of and upgrade plan for the 100-MeV proton linac at the Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex (KOMAC). First, an operation history of the 100-MeV linac since its commissioning in 2013, such as operation hours, user services, machine availabilities, and downtimes, is discussed. Second, the status of the beamlines in service or under development is described in a detailed manner.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInspired by information processing in biological systems, sensor-combined edge-computing systems attract attention requesting artificial sensory neurons as essential ingredients. Here, we introduce a simple and versatile structure of artificial sensory neurons based on a novel three-terminal Ovonic threshold switch (3T-OTS), which features an electrically controllable threshold voltage (). Combined with a sensor driving an output voltage, this 3T-OTS generates spikes with a frequency depending on an external stimulus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlthough the organic light-emitting diode (OLED) has been successfully commercialized, the development of deep-blue OLEDs with high efficiency and long lifetime remains a challenge. Here, a novel hyperfluorescent OLED that incorporates the Pt(II) complex (PtON7-dtb) as a phosphorescent sensitizer and a hydrocarbon-based and multiple resonance-based fluorophore as an emitter (TBPDP and ν-DABNA) in the device emissive layer (EML), is proposed. Such an EML system can promote efficient energy transfer from the triplet excited states of the sensitizer to the singlet excited states of the fluorophore, thus significantly improving the efficiency and lifetime of the device.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study is the first to demonstrate the capability of Cl to markedly accelerate organic oxidation using thermally activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) under acidic conditions. The treatment efficiency gain allowed heat-activated PMS to surpass heat-activated peroxydisulfate (PDS). During thermal PMS activation at excess Cl, accelerated oxidation of 4-chlorophenol (susceptible to oxidation by hypochlorous acid (HOCl)) was observed along with significant degradation of benzoic acid and ClO occurrence, which involved oxidants with low substrate specificity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Texture Stud
December 2020
Yuba, the soymilk skin, was developed as edible films for sausage. Yuba (Y) were prepared with added pine-needle extract (YP) and employed to wrap sausage. Physical and mechanical properties and lipid oxidation of sausages were compared to sausages made with commercial collagen casing (C).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study investigated the influence of adding peroxydisulfate (PDS) to a photoelectrocatalysis (PEC) system using self-doped TiO nanotube arrays (bl-TNAs) for organic pollutant degradation. The addition of 1.0 mM PDS increased the bisphenol-A (BPA) removal efficiency of PEC (PEC/PDS) from 65.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe unique capability of fullerene (C) to absorb light and generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been extensively studied for photosensitized water treatment and cancer therapy. Various material synthesis strategies have been proposed in parallel to overcome its intrinsic hydrophobicity and to enhance availability in water and physiological media. We present here a strikingly simple approach to make C available to these applications by hand-grinding dry C powder with nanodiamond (ND) using a mortar and pestle.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIron immobilized on supports such as silica, alumina, titanium oxide, and zeolite can activate hydrogen peroxide (HO) into strong oxidants. However, the role of the support and the nature of the oxidants produced in this process remain elusive. This study investigated the activation of HO by a TiO-supported catalyst (FeTi-ox).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Sci Technol
March 2020
Reports that promote persulfate-based advanced oxidation process (AOP) as a viable alternative to hydrogen peroxide-based processes have been rapidly accumulating in recent water treatment literature. Various strategies to activate peroxide bonds in persulfate precursors have been proposed and the capacity to degrade a wide range of organic pollutants has been demonstrated. Compared to traditional AOPs in which hydroxyl radical serves as the main oxidant, persulfate-based AOPs have been claimed to involve different in situ generated oxidants such as sulfate radical and singlet oxygen as well as nonradical oxidation pathways.
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