Natural variations of adolescent neurogenesis and anxiety predict the hierarchical status of adult inbred mice.

Hierarchy provides a survival advantage to social animals in challenging circumstances. In mice, social dominance is associated with trait anxiety which is regulated by adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Here, we test whether adolescent hippocampal neurogenesis may regulate social dominance behavior in adulthood.

Appetite and childhood malnutrition: A narrative review identifying evidence gaps between clinical practice and research.

Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) is a critical global health issue, contributing to approximately one-half of all child mortality worldwide. SAM management guidelines recommend the use of appetite assessment determined by an "appetite test" to distinguish between complicated and uncomplicated SAM, subsequently guiding clinical decisions regarding outpatient versus inpatient care and discharge from hospital. Despite the widespread utilization of this recommendation, its validity lacks substantial evidence within the existing literature.

Brain-wide neuronal circuit connectome of human glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) infiltrates the brain and can be synaptically innervated by neurons, which drives tumor progression. Synaptic inputs onto GBM cells identified so far are largely short-range and glutamatergic. The extent of GBM integration into the brain-wide neuronal circuitry remains unclear.

Impact of workflow times on successful reperfusion after endovascular treatment in the late time window.

Background And Purpose: Successful and complete reperfusion should be the aim of every endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) procedure. However, the effect of time delays on successful reperfusion in late window stroke patients presenting 6-to-24 h from onset has not been investigated.

Materials And Methods: We pooled individual patient-level data from seven trials and registries for anterior circulation stroke patients treated with EVT between 6 and 24 h from onset.

Patterns and predictors of statin therapy after ischemic stroke and TIA: insights from the LIPYDS multicenter study.

Background: Patients with ischemic stroke (IS) or TIA face an elevated cardiovascular risk, warranting intensive lipid-lowering therapy. Despite recommendations, adherence to guidelines is suboptimal, leading to frequent undertreatment. This study aims to evaluate the statin use after IS and TIA.

Safe Implementation of Treatments in Stroke: a study on intravenous thrombolysis in patients over 80 years of age with acute ischaemic stroke.

Objectives: To investigate the safety and efficacy outcomes of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in patients aged >80 years with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) after IVT was approved in this patient population in several European and non-European countries during 2018-2019.

Design: This is an observational registry study using prospectively collected data from the Safe Implementation of Treatment in Stroke (SITS) registry. Comparisons will be performed between patients treated post-approval (July 2018 to December 2021) period with those treated pre-approval (June 2015 to June 2018) period using propensity score matching (PSM).

High-frequency epidural electrical stimulation reduces spasticity and facilitates walking recovery in patients with spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes severe motor and sensory deficits, and there are currently no approved treatments for recovery. Nearly 70% of patients with SCI experience pathological muscle cocontraction and spasticity, accompanied by clinical signs such as patellar hyperreflexia and ankle clonus. The integration of epidural electrical stimulation (EES) of the spinal cord with rehabilitation has substantial potential to improve recovery of motor functions; however, abnormal muscle cocontraction and spasticity may limit the benefit of these interventions and hinder the effectiveness of EES in promoting functional movements.

The prognostic role of iron deficiency in acute ischemic stroke patients: A prospective multicentric cohort study.

Background And Aims: Iron deficiency (ID) is a prognostic factor in heart failure and acute coronary syndrome. However, its role in cerebrovascular diseases is controversial. We aimed to determine the impact of ID on the functional outcome of acute ischemic stroke patients.

Characterization of Machine Learning-Based Surrogate Models of Neural Activation Under Electrical Stimulation.

Electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves via implanted electrodes has been shown to be a promising approach to restore sensation, movement, and autonomic functions across a wide range of illnesses and injuries. While in principle computational models of neuromodulation can allow the exploration of large parameter spaces and the automatic optimization of stimulation devices and strategies, their high time complexity hinders their use on a large scale. We recently proposed the use of machine learning-based surrogate models to estimate the activation of nerve fibers under electrical stimulation, producing a considerable speed-up with respect to biophysically accurate models of fiber excitation while retaining good predictivity.

BRD4 inhibition rewires cardiac macrophages toward a protective phenotype marked by low MHC class II expression.

Bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) proteins, including BRD4, bind acetylated chromatin and coactivate gene transcription. A BET inhibitor, JQ1, prevents and reverses pathological cardiac remodeling in preclinical models of heart failure. However, the underlying cellular mechanisms by which JQ1 improves cardiac structure and function remain poorly defined.

Hafnium-Based Metal-Organic Framework Nanosystems Entrapping Squaraines for Efficient NIR-Responsive Photodynamic Therapy.

In this study, we present for the first time the incorporation of two distinct nonsymmetrical squaraines (SQ) into hierarchically porous Hafnium-based UiO-66 Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), each functionalized with various moieties, for application as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy. SQs are meticulously designed to feature COOH moieties for interaction with the MOF's metallic cluster and bromine atoms to enhance intersystem crossing and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The distinct central functionalizations, one with squaric acid and the other with a dicyanovinyl-substituted squaric acid derivative, result in unique geometric conformations.

Follow-Up of Infants With Congenital Cytomegalovirus Following Maternal Primary Infection in the First Trimester and Normal Fetal Brain Imaging at Midgestation.

Objective: To determine outcomes at birth and postnatal sequelae of congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection following maternal primary infection in the first trimester with normal fetal brain imaging at midgestation.

Methods: A retrospective, single-center cohort study was conducted, including all cases of proven cCMV infection following maternal primary infection in the first trimester from 2014 until 2021 and normal fetal brain imaging before 22 weeks of gestation. All pregnancies were followed according to our protocol, which offers amniocentesis at least 8 weeks after the onset of infection, serial ultrasound scans, and a fetal MRI in the third trimester.

Secondary Brain Injury After Parenchymal Cerebral Hemorrhage in Humans: The Role of NOX2-Mediated Oxidative Stress and Endothelin-1.

Perihematomal hypoperfusion may lead to ischemic damage during intraparenchymal cerebral hemorrhage (ICH), resulting in worse prognosis. We aimed to (1) investigate the relationship between serum biomarkers related to oxidative stress and vasoactive substances and the occurrence of hypoperfusion and ischemic perihematomal lesions in ICH and (2) evaluate their correlation with the volumetric evolution of the hematoma and perihematomal edema. We enrolled 28 patients affected by ICH.

A computational model to design wide field-of-view optic nerve neuroprostheses.

Retinal stimulation (RS) allows restoring vision in blind patients, but it covers only a narrow region of the visual field. Optic nerve stimulation (ONS) has the potential to produce visual perceptions spanning the whole visual field, but it produces very irregular phosphenes. We introduced a geometrical model converting retinal and optic nerve firing rates into visual perceptions and vice versa and a method to estimate the best perceptions elicitable through an electrode configuration.

Clinical Evidence Regarding Spermidine-Hyaluronate Gel as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy in Vestibulodynia Management.

Vestibulodynia (VBD) represents a summation and overlapping of trigger factors (infections, hormonal disturbances, allergies, genetic aspects, psychological vulnerability, and others) with broad individual variability. As there are no standard treatment options for VBD, the disease is still in need of appropriate therapeutic tools. : A prospective observational trial was performed to confirm the efficacy of a topical gel containing a spermidine-hyaluronate complex (UBIGEL donna™) as either a stand-alone or companion treatment through a multicenter study on a large sample population.

Fugitive Acromegaly: A Historical, Clinical, and Translational Perspective.

The term 'fugitive acromegaly' was introduced by the neurosurgeons Bailey and Cushing in 1928 to describe subjects manifesting signs and symptoms of somatotroph hyperfunction with pituitary insufficiency. Currently, it identifies patients with subtle acromegalic dysmorphisms and inconsistent hormonal profile, possibly presenting only with hyperprolactinemia and related clinical symptoms. Patients have rapidly growing, locally invasive, relapsing pituitary macrotumors that can be classified as either acidophil stem cell tumors (ASCTs) or sparsely granulated somatotroph tumors (SGSTs), both of PIT1-lineage.

Outcomes of Mechanical Thrombectomy in Patients With Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion With Mild to Moderate Symptoms.

Background And Objectives: The benefit of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with basilar artery occlusion (BAO) and a baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score <10 is unclear because this subpopulation has been substantially excluded from large clinical trials. The aim of our study was to determine whether MT ± IV thrombolysis (IVT) improves functional outcomes compared with IVT alone in patients with BAO and a NIHSS score <10.

Methods: We emulated a hypothetical trial including adult patients with BAO, a baseline NIHSS score <10, and prestroke modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores 0-2, comparing MT (±IVT) with IVT alone.

Stroke thrombectomy in the elderly: A propensity score matched study on a nationwide real-world registry.

Introduction: Data on safety and efficacy of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke in older patients are limited and controversial, and people aged 80 or older were under-represented in randomized trials. Our aim was to assess EVT effect for ischemic stroke patients aged ⩾80 at a nationwide level.

Patients And Methods: The cohort included stroke patients undergoing EVT from the Italian Registry of Endovascular Treatment in Acute Stroke (IRETAS).

Transient brain ischemic symptoms and the presence of ischemic lesions at neuroimaging: Results from the READAPT study.

Background: According to the literature, about one third of patients with brain ischemic symptoms lasting <24 h, which are classified as Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) according to the traditional "time-based" definition, show the presence of acute ischemic lesions at neuroimaging. Recent evidence has shown that the presence of acute ischemic lesions at neuroimaging may impact on the outcome of patients with transient ischemic symptoms treated with dual antiplatelet treatment (DAPT). This uncertainty is even more compelling in recent years as short-term DAPT has become the standard treatment for any non-cardioembolic TIA or minor ischemic stroke.