Multimodal interaction: Input-output modality combinations for identification tasks in augmented reality.

Multimodal interaction (MMI) is being widely implemented, especially in new technologies such as augmented reality (AR) systems since it is presumed to support a more natural, efficient, and flexible form of interaction. However, limited research has been done to investigate the proper application of MMI in AR. More specifically, the effects of combining different input and output modalities during MMI in AR are still not fully understood.

Vibrotactile Feedback for Information Delivery in the Vehicle.

As technology advances, more functions have been, and continue to be added to the vehicle, resulting in increased needs for improved user interfaces. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of using vibrotactile feedback for in-vehicle information delivery. First, we measured the spectral characteristics of ambient vibrations in a vehicle, and designed clearly distinguishable sinusoidal vibrations.

Successful intermittent application of the Pringle maneuver for 30 minutes during human hepatectomy: a clinical randomized study with use of a protease inhibitor.

Background/aims: There is experimental evidence that the liver can safely tolerate a cycle involving application of the Pringle maneuver for 30 minutes each time.

Methodology: One hundred and twenty patients who underwent elective hepatectomy were randomly assigned to two groups of intermittent occlusion (30-min or 15-min Pringle group, n=60 each). A synthetic protease inhibitor (gabexate mesilate, GM, 2 mg/kg/h) was administered to pharmacologically alleviate visceral congestion, accompanied by hepatic pedicle clamping.

Practical experience of a no abdominal drainage policy in patients undergoing liver resection.

Background/aims: Routine use of abdominal drainage after liver resection is controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the practical application of a "no abdominal drainage" policy for consecutive patients undergoing hepatic resection.

Methodology: The present trial included 60 consecutive patients who underwent elective hepatic resection.

Intrahepatic splenic tissue without medical history of splenic injury or splenectomy.

Only a few cases of intrahepatic splenic tissue have so far been reported in the English literature. Those cases were developed after splenic injury or a splenectomy. We report here a case of intrahepatic splenic tissue which has two distinctive features compared to previous literature.