Publications by authors named "Jaejin Cho"
Obesity due to excessive body fat accumulation remains a global problem. Patients with obesity have high cortisol levels, and its dysregulation is caused by increased 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) levels. The effects and mechanism of J2H-1702, an 11β-HSD1 inhibitor, on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) were explored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMethylnissolin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (MNG) and methylnissolin (MN) are pterocarpan derivatives that are found in plants, such as Astragalus membranaceus. There are limited existing studies on the potential health benefits of MNG, and currently there is no evidence to suggest that MNG has any impact on skin-aging. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) plays a significant role in skin aging by promoting chronic inflammation, damaging skin cells, and impairing the skin's natural repair mechanisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold therapeutic promise for treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) owing to their immunomodulatory properties. Currently, pre-conditioning strategies with several beneficial agents have been applied to enhance the efficacy of MSCs in treating IBDs. Probiotics are increasingly acknowledged as supplemental therapy for IBD; however, their potential benefits in MSCs-based therapy remain largely unexplored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: BUDA-cEPI has been shown to achieve high-quality, high-resolution diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) with fast acquisition time, particularly when used in conjunction with S-LORAKS reconstruction. However, this comes at a cost of more complex reconstruction that is computationally prohibitive. In this work we develop rapid reconstruction pipeline for BUDA-cEPI to pave the way for its deployment in routine clinical and neuroscientific applications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- The study aimed to create a new MRI pulse sequence called PRIME, which improves diffusion MRI by adding an echo to obtain high-resolution images without increasing scan time.
- The PRIME technique uses two echoes: one for detailed diffusion imaging and the second for generating accurate field maps or matching resolutions for efficient data acquisition.
- Results showed that the PRIME sequence successfully achieved fast and clear diffusion imaging in healthy volunteers, allowing for high-quality images and detailed analysis without distortion.
Article Synopsis
- The study aims to create and assess methods for enhancing 3D imaging techniques, specifically using a low-rank subspace method and deep learning to improve accuracy and speed in T1 and T2 mapping.
- Two innovative approaches were proposed: subspace QALAS, a low-rank method for quantification, and Zero-DeepSub, a deep-learning reconstruction technique that boosts imaging performance.
- Results showed that these methods significantly improved image quality and accuracy, allowing for rapid whole-brain imaging at high resolution with less noise and artifacts compared to traditional methods.
Comparison of Cryopreservation Media for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Spheroids.
Biopreserv Biobank
October 2024
Article Synopsis
- Multipotent mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) spheroids are important for regenerative medicine but face challenges in storage for clinical use.
- This study tested different cryopreservation media to find a suitable storage solution that maintains the viability and properties of MSC spheroids after freezing and thawing.
- Results showed that CryoStor10 (CS10) preserved MSC spheroid viability and characteristics better than other media tested, indicating its potential for future clinical applications.
Article Synopsis
- Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are gaining attention in regenerative medicine due to their safety, ease of use, and ability to promote healing.
- This study focused on creating microblocks (MiBs) from MSCs isolated from human adipose tissue, which demonstrated similar viability and marker expression compared to traditional monolayer MSC cultures.
- MiBs showed enhanced production of important extracellular matrix components and growth factors, leading to improved skin volume retention in mice, suggesting their potential for treating skin issues like atrophic scars.
Purpose: Volumetric, high-resolution, quantitative mapping of brain-tissue relaxation properties is hindered by long acquisition times and SNR challenges. This study combines time-efficient wave-controlled aliasing in parallel imaging (wave-CAIPI) readouts with the 3D quantification using an interleaved Look-Locker acquisition sequence with a T preparation pulse (3D-QALAS), enabling full-brain quantitative T , T , and proton density (PD) maps at 1.15-mm isotropic voxels in 3 min.
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- The study developed a new method called SSL-QALAS for quickly estimating multiparametric T1, T2, proton density, and inversion efficiency maps from MRI data using self-supervised learning (SSL).
- This method allows rapid, dictionary-free mapping and was evaluated against traditional dictionary-matching techniques using both phantom and in vivo experiments, exhibiting strong accuracy and agreement with reference values.
- Key findings indicate that SSL-QALAS can reconstruct multiparametric maps within 10 seconds and adapt to specific scan data in just 15 minutes, making it a promising tool for improving MRI efficiency.
Purpose: This work aims to develop a novel distortion-free 3D-EPI acquisition and image reconstruction technique for fast and robust, high-resolution, whole-brain imaging as well as quantitative mapping.
Methods: 3D Blip-up and -down acquisition (3D-BUDA) sequence is designed for both single- and multi-echo 3D gradient recalled echo (GRE)-EPI imaging using multiple shots with blip-up and -down readouts to encode B field map information. Complementary k-space coverage is achieved using controlled aliasing in parallel imaging (CAIPI) sampling across the shots.
Wave-Encoded Model-Based Deep Learning for Highly Accelerated Imaging with Joint Reconstruction.
Bioengineering (Basel)
November 2022
Article Synopsis
- A new technique called wave-encoded model-based deep learning (wave-MoDL) combines convolutional neural networks with traditional physics-based imaging to enhance parallel imaging reconstruction while using fewer network parameters.* -
- Wave-MoDL utilizes a method called wave-controlled aliasing in parallel imaging (CAIPI) to accelerate 3D imaging and improve the quality of reconstructed images by leveraging similarities between multiple contrasts.* -
- This technique enables faster MRI acquisitions, such as a 40-second 3D MRI at high resolution and advanced quantitative imaging for different mapping strategies, which could benefit clinical and research applications in neuroscience.*
The dynamics of uterine endometrium is important for successful establishment and maintenance of embryonic implantation and development, along with extensive cell differentiation and proliferation. The tissue event is precisely and complicatedly regulated as several signaling pathways are involved including two main hormones, estrogen and progesterone signaling. We previously showed a novel signaling molecule, Serine/threonine protein kinase 3/4 (STK3/4), which is responded to hormone in the mouse uterine epithelium.
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- - Wave-encoded acquisition techniques, called Wave-EPI, improve the performance of echo-planar imaging (EPI) by using sinusoidal gradients to better manage aliasing and enhance the sensitivity of 3D MRI coils
- - By incorporating "half-cycle" sinusoidal gradients and extending the method to multi-shot acquisition, Wave-EPI effectively minimizes image distortions and blurriness, while addressing potential gradient inaccuracies through customized calibration techniques
- - The results show that Wave-EPI significantly enhances brain imaging quality by providing high acceleration factors with reduced artifacts compared to traditional methods, potentially benefiting both clinical practice and neuroscience research
Article Synopsis
- The study presents a new imaging technique called BUDA-SAGE, which efficiently captures high-resolution T, T*, and QSM maps across the entire brain in a short time.
- This method uses innovative imaging strategies, including alternating phase-encoding, structured low-rank constraints, and self-supervised neural networks to enhance image quality and reduce noise.
- Results from in vivo tests show that BUDA-SAGE achieves distortion-free images and comparable quantitative mapping accuracy to traditional methods, all within 90 seconds at 1 mm resolution.
Article Synopsis
- SPARK (scan-specific artifact reduction in k-space) is a new method using convolutional neural networks to fix errors during the reconstruction of accelerated MRI data, focusing on improving the accuracy of k-space representations.* -
- Testing shows that SPARK significantly enhances the performance of existing techniques like GRAPPA, achieving substantial reductions in errors (1.5 - 2× RMSE reduction) while also improving image quality and robustness at different acceleration rates.* -
- The method proves effective not only for GRAPPA but also for advancements such as 2D VC-GRAPPA and residual-RAKI, boosting error reduction by up to 20% and demonstrating its flexibility across various MRI reconstruction approaches.*
Recently, the selective laser melting (SLM) method of manufacturing three dimensional (3D) dental prosthetics by applying a laser to metal powder has been widely used in the field of dentistry. This study investigated human adipose derived stem cell (hADSC) behavior on a 3D printed cobalt-chrome (Co-Cr) alloy and its surface characteristics and compared them those of a nickel-chrome (Ni-Cr) alloy. Alloys were divided into four groups according to the material and manufacturing methods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEndothelin-converting enzyme-1 expression in acute and chronic liver injury in fibrogenesis.
Anim Cells Syst (Seoul)
June 2019
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) induces contraction, proliferation, and collagen synthesis of activated hepatic stellate cells and is a potent mediator of portal hypertension. Endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1) generates ET-1 from the inactive precursor big-endothelin-1. The cellular distribution and activity of ECE-1 in the liver is unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFToll-like receptors (TLRs) are usually expressed on immune cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, as well as on eosinophils and some epithelial cells. They play a central role in the recognition of harmful molecules that belong to invading microorganisms or internal damaged tissues, which lead to inflammation. Among the hallmarks of cancer, there is immune evasion and inflammation.
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- Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM MSCs) are difficult and painful to obtain, leading researchers to explore peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells (PB MSCs) as an alternative for easier clinical use.
- PB MSCs can proliferate similarly to BM MSCs when exposed to extracellular matrix (ECM) and can differentiate into osteoblasts, indicating their potential for bone regeneration.
- The study also found that specific substances (LY294002 and Wortmannin) can inhibit the attachment of MSCs, highlighting the role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in MSC interactions with the ECM.
Article Synopsis
- Zirconia is being studied as a promising alternative to titanium for dental implants due to its potential to address some of titanium's disadvantages.
- The research focused on comparing the surface characteristics of zirconia and titanium implants, examining factors like shape, roughness, and chemical composition, while also investigating the differentiation of osteoclast-precursor cells on these materials.
- Findings showed similar cell morphology and osteoclast activity on both zirconia and titanium, but zirconia demonstrated enhanced mRNA and protein levels related to osteoclast differentiation, suggesting it could be a viable option for dental implants.
Article Synopsis
- The study aims to use a convolutional neural network (CNN) to effectively separate water and fat signals in multi-echo imaging.
- A CNN was trained with images from a specific gradient-recalled echo sequence and artifact-free water-fat data to enhance its accuracy and prevent overfitting.
- Results indicated that the CNN successfully separated water and fat images across different body regions, demonstrating its robustness even with limited training data.
Article Synopsis
- Canine mesenchymal stem cells (cMSCs) are used in veterinary regenerative therapy, but their short culture lifespan limits research and clinical applications.
- A study successfully immortalized primary canine adipose tissue-derived MSCs (PCAT-MSCs) into life-extended immortalized MSCs (ICAT-MSCs) using a retrovirus, allowing for easier investigation.
- Both cell types exhibited similar characteristics, but ICAT-MSCs demonstrated improved colony-forming potential and faster growth, providing a valuable model for future studies on cMSCs.
Background: Rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction focuses on restoring knee deficiencies and function. However, the extent of the clinician's direct supervision that is required to recover knee function is unknown.
Objective: To investigate differences in isokinetic knee strength improvement, endurance, and proprioception between home-based (HBR) and supervised rehabilitation (SR).
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to improve water-fat separation in MRI by using interleaved bipolar data and a low-rank reconstruction technique to address challenges posed by gradient switching and system imperfections.
- The proposed method involved collecting signals from both gradient polarities and then subsampling them to reduce imaging time, followed by separate water-fat separation for each polarity before combining the results.
- Results from phantom studies and in vivo experiments showed that the proposed method effectively eliminated the issues caused by bipolar gradients and outperformed previous water-fat separation techniques in terms of accuracy.