Effect of catalyst and oxidant concentrations in a TEMPO oxidation system on the production of cellulose nanofibers.

In traditional TEMPO oxidation systems, the high cost of TEMPO catalysts has been a significant barrier to the industrialization of oxidized CNF. From an economic perspective, presenting the characteristics of various CNFs produced with the oxidation systems with reduced catalyst usage could facilitate the industrial application of CNF across a wide range of fields. In this study, it was demonstrated that reducing the amount of TEMPO catalyst used (from 0.

An agarose-based TOCN-ECM bilayer lyophilized-hydrogel with hemostatic and regenerative properties for post-operative adhesion management.

This study used a unique approach by developing a bilayer system that can simultaneously accomplish non-adhesion, hemostatic, and tissue regenerative properties. In this system, agarose was used as a carrier material, with an agarose-TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCN), (AT) layer acting as a non-adhesion layer and an Agarose-Extracellular matrix, (AE) layer acting as a tissue regenerative layer. Thrombin was loaded on the AE layer as an initiator of the healing process, by hemostasis.

Highly Flexible, Self-Bonding, Self-Healing, and Conductive Soft Pressure Sensors Based on Dicarboxylic Cellulose Nanofiber Hydrogels.

Conductive hydrogels have gained a great deal of interest in the flexible electronics industry because of their remarkable inherent properties. However, a significant challenge remains for balancing hydrogel's conductivity, self-healing, and strength properties. Herein, double network ionic hydrogels were fabricated by concurrently introducing borax into dicarboxylic cellulose nanofiber (DCNFs) and polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogels.

Nano cellulose-laden alginate/chitosan sponge with enhanced biological and hemostatic behavior.

Present study describes about hybrid hemostat developed with alginate (Alg), chitosan (Chito) and TEMPO-oxidized nanofibrillar cellulose (TOCNF) lyophilization. All samples were analyzed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine their microstructure, size, and distribution of pores. Cell viability and proliferation of the scaffolds tested using fibroblast type L929 cells, showed it to be an excellent medium for cell generation.

Ice-Crystal-Templated "Accordion-Like" Cellulose Nanofiber/MXene Composite Aerogels for Sensitive Wearable Pressure Sensors.

Exfoliated MXene nanosheets are integrated with cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) to form composite aerogels with high electric conductivity. The combination of CNFs and MXene nanosheets forms a unique "accordion-like" hierarchical architecture with MXene-CNF pillared layers through ice-crystal templating. Benefiting from the special "layer-strut" structure, the MXene/CNF composite aerogels have low density (50 mg/cm), excellent compressibility and recoverability, as well as superior fatigue resistance (up to 1000 cycles).

Decellularized liver extracellular matrix and thrombin loaded biodegradable TOCN/Chitosan nanocomposite for hemostasis and wound healing in rat liver hemorrhage model.

During deep noncompressible wound management, surgery, transplantation or post-surgical hemorrhage, rapid blood absorption and hemostasis are the key factors to be taken into consideration to reduce unexpected deaths from severe trauma. In this study, a novel hemostatic biodegradable nanocomposite was fabricated where decellularized liver extracellular matrix (L-ECM) was loaded with two natural polymers (oxidized cellulose and chitosan) in association with thrombin. Plant-derived oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCN) and Chitosan (CS) from deacylated chitin were self-assembled with each other by electrostatic interactions.

Transparent and Multi-Foldable Nanocellulose Paper Microsupercapacitors.

Despite the ever-increasing demand for transparent power sources in wireless optoelectronics, most of them have still relied on synthetic chemicals, thus limiting their versatile applications. Here, a class of transparent nanocellulose paper microsupercapacitors (TNP-MSCs) as a beyond-synthetic-material strategy is demonstrated. Onto semi-interpenetrating polymer network-structured, thiol-modified transparent nanocellulose paper, a thin layer of silver nanowire and a conducting polymer (chosen as a pseudocapacitive electrode material) are consecutively introduced through microscale-patterned masks (which are fabricated by electrohydrodynamic jet printing) to produce a transparent conductive electrode (TNP-TCE) with planar interdigitated structure.

Effectiveness of cellulose and chitosan nanomaterial coatings with essential oil on postharvest strawberry quality.

Polysaccharide materials, including bagasse cellulose nanocrystals (BCNCs), chitosan nanofibers (ChNFs), and sodium alginate (SA), were blended with oregano essential oil (OEO) to make single- and multi-polysaccharide edible coating suspensions. The prepared suspensions were spray-coated on strawberry surface to form thin films with thickness varying from about 570 to 790 nm for single-polysaccharide coatings and 690-930 nm for multi-polysaccharide coatings. The coatings made with multi-polysaccharide were more effective in inhibiting fungal growth compared with single-polysaccharide coatings.

Liver tissue-derived ECM loaded nanocellulose-alginate-TCP composite beads for accelerated bone regeneration.

Guided bone regeneration with osteoinductive scaffolds is a competitive edge of tissue engineering due to faster and more consistent healing. In the present study, we developed such composite beads with nanocellulose reinforced alginate hydrogel that carried-tricalcium phosphate (-TCP) nano-powder and liver-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) from porcine. Interestingly, it was observed that the beads' group containing ECM-TCP-alginate-nanocellulose (ETAC) was more cytocompatible than the others comprised ofTCP-alginate-nanocellulose (TAC) and alginate-nanocellulose (AC).

Carbonized Cellulose Nanofibril with Individualized Fibrous Morphology: toward Multifunctional Applications in Polycaprolactone Conductive Composites.

Drying cellulose nanofibril (CNF) from aqueous suspensions often leads to aggregated fibril morphology, negatively affecting its performance in ensuing applications. In this work, we introduced a new solvent drying approach to acquire dry CNF from aqueous suspensions and subsequently pyrolyzed the CNF precursor to obtain carbonized CNF (CCNF) without loss of its fibrous morphology. The fibrous CCNF was dispersed homogeneously in polycaprolactone (PCL) thermoplastic resin, greatly enhancing PCL composite tensile performance.

Fabrication of thrombin loaded TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber-gelatin sponges and their hemostatic behavior in rat liver hemorrhage model.

Excessive blood loss due to trauma or major surgical intervention can be life threatening which necessitates rapid hemorrhage management for the prevention of such bleeding related sufferings. Broad interest in developing new hemostatic technologies have been paid for bleeding control but none of them found completely satisfactory especially in terms of rapid clotting, absorbability, porosity, cost effectiveness and safety. To address these issues, a combination of active and passive hemostatic materials from biological sources could be a wise choice.

Wet-Spun Composite Filaments from Lignocellulose Nanofibrils/Alginate and Their Physico-Mechanical Properties.

Lignocellulose nanofibrils (LCNFs) with different lignin contents were prepared using choline chloride (ChCl)/lactic acid (LA), deep eutectic solvent (DES) pretreatment, and subsequent mechanical defibrillation. The LCNFs had a diameter of 15.3-18.

Multi-functional nanocellulose-chitosan dressing loaded with antibacterial lawsone for rapid hemostasis and cutaneous wound healing.

Cutaneous wounds accompanied by massive bleeding, bacterial infections might be lethal and cause fundamental therapeutic impediments in clinical fields. As part of the push for a solution, biomaterial having hemostatic-antibacterial features is highly desirable. Inspired by this concept, freeze dried sponges were developed followed by combining tempo-oxidized nanocellulose (TOCN), chitosan using EDC/NHS cross-linker with antibacterial lawsone loading for controlled delivery of this compound during wound healing.

Preparation and Properties of Wet-Spun Microcomposite Filaments from Various CNFs and Alginate.

We aimed to improve the mechanical properties of alginate fibers by reinforcing with various cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs). Pure cellulose nanofibril (PCNF), lignocellulose nanofibril (LCNF) obtained via deep eutectic solvent (DES) pretreatment, and TEMPO-oxidized lignocellulose nanofibril (TOLCNF) were employed. Sodium alginate (AL) was mixed with PCNF, LCNF, and TOLCNF with a CNF content of 5-30%.

Effects of Methylenediphenyl 4,4'-Diisocyanate and Maleic Anhydride as Coupling Agents on the Properties of Polylactic Acid/Polybutylene Succinate/Wood Flour Biocomposites by Reactive Extrusion.

Polylactic acid (PLA)/polybutylene succinate (PBS)/wood flour (WF) biocomposites were fabricated by in situ reactive extrusion with coupling agents. Methylenediphenyl 4,4'-diisocyanate (MDI) and maleic anhydride (MA) were used as coupling agents. To evaluate the effects of MDI and MA, various properties (i.

Thermal stimuli-responsive hyaluronic acid loaded cellulose based physical hydrogel for post-surgical de novo peritoneal adhesion prevention.

Effective strategies for post-surgical adhesion prevention have increasingly focused on injectable adhesion barriers due to their minimal invasiveness and wider applicability. In this study, a thermo-reversible hydrogel was developed by combining high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HA) at various concentrations (0.05, 0.

Poly(acryloyl hydrazide)-grafted cellulose nanocrystal adsorbents with an excellent Cr(VI) adsorption capacity.

In this study, we prepared poly(acryloyl hydrazide) (PAH)-grafted cellulose nanocrystal (CNC-PAH) particles via the atom transfer radical polymerization method for application to Cr(VI) adsorption. The closely-packed PAH chains grafted on the cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) surface provide a high density of amine groups that can adsorb Cr(VI) through strong electrostatic, hydrogen bonding and chelating interactions. CNC-PAH exhibited the optimum Cr(VI) adsorption capacity at the solution pH = 3, where its electrostatic attraction with Cr(VI) was maximized.

Silver-Incorporated Nanocellulose Fibers for Antibacterial Hydrogels.

A free-standing, antibacterial hydrogel was fabricated using silver-nanoparticle-immobilized cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and alginate. Surface hydroxyl groups of CNFs were oxidized to carboxylate groups using (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxidanyl (TCNF), followed by the treatment with silver nitrate solution for surface adsorption of silver ions. In situ reduction of silver ions to produce silver nanoparticles was performed for the silver-adsorbed CNFs.