In vivo deep tissue imaging using wavefront shaping optical coherence tomography.

Multiple light scattering in tissue limits the penetration of optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. Here, we present in vivo OCT imaging of a live mouse using wavefront shaping (WS) to enhance the penetration depth. A digital micromirror device was used in a spectral-domain OCT system for complex WS of an incident beam which resulted in the optimal delivery of light energy into deep tissue.

Depth-enhanced 2-D optical coherence tomography using complex wavefront shaping.

We report the enhancement in the obtained signal and penetration depth of 2-D depth-resolved images that were taken by shaping the incident wavefront in optical coherence tomography (OCT). Limitations in the penetration depth and signal to noise ratio (SNR) in OCT are mainly due to multiple scattering, which have been effectively suppressed by controlling the incident wavefront using a digital mirror device (DMD) in combination with spectral-domain OCT. The successful enhancements in the penetration depth and SNR are demonstrated in a wide-range of tissue phantoms, reaching depth enhancement of up to 92%.

Complex wavefront shaping for optimal depth-selective focusing in optical coherence tomography.

We report on an approach to exploit multiple light scattering by shaping the incident wavefront in optical coherence tomography (OCT). Most of the reflected signal from biological tissue consists of multiply scattered light, which is regarded as noise in OCT. A digital mirror device (DMD) is utilized to shape the incident wavefront such that the maximal energy is focused at a specific depth in a highly scattering sample using a coherence-gated reflectance signal as feedback.

Complex artifact suppression using vestigial sideband filter in Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography.

In order to achieve computationally efficient mirror image rejection during the off-pivot, full-range approach in spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, we used a vestigial sideband (VSB) filter in place of a Hilbert transform. The appropriate choice of the VSB filter parameters enabled almost complete removal of one sideband with much reduced computational load. To determine the optimal filter parameters, we acquired images of the infrared card and analyzed the mirror suppression ratio of the card surface.