Comparing accounts of formant normalization against US English listeners' vowel perception.

Human speech recognition tends to be robust, despite substantial cross-talker variability. Believed to be critical to this ability are auditory normalization mechanisms whereby listeners adapt to individual differences in vocal tract physiology. This study investigates the computations involved in such normalization.

Changes in informativity of sentential context affects its integration with subcategorical information about preceding speech.

Spoken language understanding requires the integration of incoming speech with representations of the preceding context. How rich the information is that listeners maintain in these contextual representations has been a long-standing question. Under one view, subcategorical information about the preceding input-including any uncertainty about the underlying categories-is quickly discarded due to memory limitations.

Feared self and morality in obsessive-compulsive phenomena.

Background: Recent studies have shown that individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) tend to endorse a feared self that they perceive to be immoral, insane and/or dangerous. The current study investigated the relationship between morality-related feared self, self-relevance and OC-related cognitions and behaviours such as moral deliberation, threat interpretation bias, discomfort, urge to act and likelihood of acting in OC-relevant situations in a non-clinical sample.

Method: A total of 78 participants (27 female, M = 29.

Liver safety of tolvaptan in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: interim data from a post-authorization safety study.

Background: After the risk of drug-induced liver injury was detected during tolvaptan clinical development for the treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), a post-marketing pharmacovigilance study was required for European Union regulatory approval.

Methods: This is an interim analysis from a prospective, observational study enrolling patients prescribed tolvaptan for ADPKD in routine clinical practice. Data were obtained through physician records collected during regular care.

Maintenance of subcategorical information during speech perception: revisiting misunderstood limitations.

Accurate word recognition is facilitated by context. Some relevant context, however, occurs after the word. Rational use of such "right context" would require listeners to have maintained or about the word, thus allowing for consideration of possible alternatives when they encounter relevant right context.

Photovoltaic, wireless wide-field epiretinal prosthesis to treat retinitis pigmentosa.

Purpose: To develop and evaluate a photovoltaic, wireless wide-field epiretinal prosthesis for the treatment of retinitis pigmentosa.

Methods: A mosaic array of thinned silicon-based photodiodes with integrated thin-film stimulation electrodes was fabricated with a flexible polyimide substrate film to form a film-based miniaturized electronic system with wireless optical power and signal transmission and integrated electrostimulation. Manufactured implants were characterized with respect to their optoelectronic performance and biocompatibility following DIN EN ISO 10993.

An ecological momentary assessment of OCD-relevant intrusions: Frequency, feared self, and concealment.

This study provides the first examination of the frequency, characteristics, and dynamics surrounding daily experiences of OCD-relevant intrusions among non-clinical participants (N = 54, N = 2314) using ecological momentary assessment. It also examines the extent to which self-related constructs-participants' feared-self beliefs and their tendency to conceal aspects of self-relate to such intrusive phenomena. Participants completed a baseline questionnaire before reporting state depressed mood and intrusions up to five times per day (at semi-random intervals) for 14 days.

Hyaluronic Acid-based Fillers for Facial Rehabilitation in Inherited Neuropath.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is the most prevalent inherited neuromuscular disorder. It commonly leads to various musculoskeletal deformities, profoundly impacting the quality of life. The present case report explores the often under-recognized body image dissatisfaction in CMT, highlighting the potential benefits of a multidisciplinary approach to enhance aesthetic satisfaction.

Anticoagulation Patterns Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Atrial Fibrillation.

Objectives: To assess clinicians' prescribing practices for anticoagulation in older adults with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter (AF/F) and determine factors common among those without anticoagulation.

Methods: We performed a community-based retrospective cohort study of adults aged 65 years and older with a history of nonvalvular AF/F to determine the rate of oral anticoagulation utilization. We also assessed for associations between anticoagulation use and comorbid conditions and common geriatric syndromes.

Gut feelings and lived experiences: a qualitative study of 'anti-diet' dietitians' and psychologists' motivations and experiences regarding the weight-neutral approach.

This paper examines whether the motivations and experiences of 'anti-diet' dietitians and psychologists represent a paradigm shift in healthcare. We conducted four 2-hour, discipline-specific focus groups with a total of 16 female participants residing in Australia. Our reflexive thematic analysis generated four themes that we consider to be stages of a weight-neutral paradigm shift: (1) a recognition of a mismatch between one's weight-centred training and one's lived experience of diet culture, which subsequently informs (2) gut feelings that influence their decision to reject the weight-centric paradigm, thereby leading to (3) exploring the anti-diet knowledge base and then subsequently (4) promoting or advocating for the weight neutral paradigm.

What we do (not) know about the mechanisms underlying adaptive speech perception: A computational framework and review.

Speech from unfamiliar talkers can be difficult to comprehend initially. These difficulties tend to dissipate with exposure, sometimes within minutes or less. Adaptivity in response to unfamiliar input is now considered a fundamental property of speech perception, and research over the past two decades has made substantial progress in identifying its characteristics.

Evaluating normalization accounts against the dense vowel space of Central Swedish.

Talkers vary in the phonetic realization of their vowels. One influential hypothesis holds that listeners overcome this inter-talker variability through pre-linguistic auditory mechanisms that normalize the acoustic or phonetic cues that form the input to speech recognition. Dozens of competing normalization accounts exist-including both accounts specific to vowel perception and general purpose accounts that can be applied to any type of cue.

A genetic switch controls Pseudomonas aeruginosa surface colonization.

Efficient colonization of mucosal surfaces is essential for opportunistic pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but how bacteria collectively and individually adapt to optimize adherence, virulence and dispersal is largely unclear. Here we identified a stochastic genetic switch, hecR-hecE, which is expressed bimodally and generates functionally distinct bacterial subpopulations to balance P. aeruginosa growth and dispersal on surfaces.

Comparison of attitudes to media representation of mental illness between journalists and mental health professionals in Russia with German-speaking countries of Switzerland, Germany, and Austria.

Background: The media are an important source of information on mental health. They are often implicit in reinforcing negative stereotypes of people with mental health problems. There are no studies in German-speaking countries or Russia on media attitudes to mental health and mental health professionals' (MHP) attitudes to the media.

Temperature dependence of aging dynamics in highly non-equilibrium model polymer glasses.

A central feature of the non-equilibrium glassy "state" is its tendency to age toward equilibrium, obeying signatures identified by Kovacs over 50 years ago. The origin of these signatures, their fate far from equilibrium and at high temperatures, and the underlying nature of the glassy "state" far from equilibrium remain unsettled. Here, we simulate physical aging of polymeric glasses, driven much farther from equilibrium and at much higher temperatures than possible in experimental melt-quenched glasses.

Stimulatory MAIT cell antigens reach the circulation and are efficiently metabolised and presented by human liver cells.

Objective: Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are the most abundant T cells in human liver. They respond to bacterial metabolites presented by major histocompatibility complex-like molecule MR1. MAIT cells exert regulatory and antimicrobial functions and are implicated in liver fibrogenesis.

Using Rational Models to Interpret the Results of Experiments on Accent Adaptation.

Exposure to unfamiliar non-native speech tends to improve comprehension. One hypothesis holds that listeners adapt to non-native-accented speech through distributional learning-by inferring the statistics of the talker's phonetic cues. Models based on this hypothesis provide a good fit to incremental changes after exposure to atypical speech.

Treatment of refractory subacute cuataneous lupus erythematosus with baricitinib.

We report on a patient who presented with refractory subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. The scaly annular and polycyclic patches/plaques, and hyperkeratotic lesions on multiple fingers improved rapidly after treatment with baricitinib.

A Rational Model of Incremental Argument Interpretation: The Comprehension of Swedish Transitive Clauses.

A central component of sentence understanding is verb-argument interpretation, determining how the referents in the sentence are related to the events or states expressed by the verb. Previous work has found that comprehenders change their argument interpretations incrementally as the sentence unfolds, based on morphosyntactic (e.g.

Onychomatricoma with Onychomycosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Onychomatricoma is a primary benign neoplasm of the nail matrix. Currently, a limited number of cases have been reported, so it is still considered a rare neoplasia. However, it is debatable if this condition is underdiagnosed and underreported.

Towards the sustainable discovery and development of new antibiotics.

An ever-increasing demand for novel antimicrobials to treat life-threatening infections caused by the global spread of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens stands in stark contrast to the current level of investment in their development, particularly in the fields of natural-product-derived and synthetic small molecules. New agents displaying innovative chemistry and modes of action are desperately needed worldwide to tackle the public health menace posed by antimicrobial resistance. Here, our consortium presents a strategic blueprint to substantially improve our ability to discover and develop new antibiotics.

Towards the sustainable discovery and development of new antibiotics.

An ever-increasing demand for novel antimicrobials to treat life-threatening infections caused by the global spread of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens stands in stark contrast to the current level of investment in their development, particularly in the fields of natural-product-derived and synthetic small molecules. New agents displaying innovative chemistry and modes of action are desperately needed worldwide to tackle the public health menace posed by antimicrobial resistance. Here, our consortium presents a strategic blueprint to substantially improve our ability to discover and develop new antibiotics.

Cross-talker generalization in the perception of nonnative speech: A large-scale replication.

Speech perception depends on the ability to generalize previously experienced input effectively across talkers. How such cross-talker generalization is achieved has remained an open question. In a seminal study, Bradlow & Bent (2008, henceforth BB08) found that exposure to just 5 min of accented speech can elicit improved recognition that generalizes to an unfamiliar talker of the same accent ( = 70 participants).