Extract and Its Active Metabolite α-Cyperone Alleviates Paclitaxel-Induced Neuropathic Pain via the Modulation of the Norepinephrine Pathway.

Background: Paclitaxel is a widely used anticancer drug for ovarian, lung, breast, and stomach cancers; however, its clinical use is often limited by the side effects of peripheral neuropathy. This study evaluated the effects of () extract and its active metabolite, α-cyperone, on paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain.

Methods: The oral administration of extract at doses of 500 mg/kg and intraperitoneal administration of α-cyperone at doses of 480 and 800 μg/kg prevented both the development of cold and mechanical pain.

Solvent-Driven Na Storage in SnS Anodes: Atomistic Simulation-Guided Strategies for Reversible Reactions, Solid Electrolyte Interphase, and Morphological Transformation.

Crystalline SnS accommodates Na ions through intercalation-conversion-alloying (ICA) reactions, exhibiting a natural potential for high energy storage, while its layered structure facilitates rapid charging. However, these intrinsic advantages are not fully realized in practical battery applications. Herein, utilizing an innovative integration of machine-learning-based thermodynamics, artificial-neural-network-assisted molecular dynamics, and density functional theory, specific solvents are demonstrated to effectively tailor the reaction pathways.

Therapeutic Treatment with Pycnogenol Attenuates Ischemic Brain Injury in Gerbils Focusing on Cognitive Impairment, Neuronal Death, BBB Leakage and Neuroinflammation in the Hippocampus.

Background: A gerbil model of ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury in the forebrain has been developed for studies on mechanisms, prevention and therapeutic strategies of IR injury in the forebrain. Pycnogenol® (PYC), a standardized extract of French maritime pine tree ( Aiton) has been exploited as an additive for dietary supplement. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of post-treatment with PYC and its therapeutic mechanisms in gerbils.

Risperidone Administration Attenuates Renal Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury following Cardiac Arrest by Antiinflammatory Effects in Rats.

Multi-organ dysfunction following cardiac arrest is associated with poor outcome as well as high mortality. The kidney, one of major organs in the body, is susceptible to ischemia and reperfusion; however, there are few studies on renal ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) following the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after cardiac arrest. Risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic drug, has been discovered to have some beneficial effects beyond its original effectiveness.

Therapeutic Hypothermia after Cardiac Arrest Attenuates Hindlimb Paralysis and Damage of Spinal Motor Neurons and Astrocytes through Modulating Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in Rats.

Cardiac arrest (CA) and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), a global ischemia and reperfusion event, lead to neuronal damage and/or death in the spinal cord as well as the brain. Hypothermic therapy is reported to protect neurons from damage and improve hindlimb paralysis after resuscitation in a rat model of CA induced by asphyxia. In this study, we investigated roles of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the lumbar spinal cord protected by therapeutic hypothermia in a rat model of asphyxial CA.

Brain Factor-7® Improves Cognitive Impairment Following Transient Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Gerbil Forebrain through Promoting Remyelination and Restoring Cholinergic and Glutamatergic Neurotransmission in the Hippocampus.

Background: Ischemia and reperfusion injury in the brain triggers cognitive impairment which are accompanied by neuronal death, loss of myelin sheath and decline in neurotransmission. In this study, we investigated whether therapeutic administration of Brain Factor-7® (BF-7®; a silk peptide) in ischemic gerbils which were developed by transient (five minutes) ischemia and reperfusion in the forebrain (tFI/R) improved cognitive impairment.

Methods: Short-term memory and spatial memory functions were assessed by passive avoidance test and Barnes maze test, respectively.

Therapeutic Administration of Oxcarbazepine Saves Cerebellar Purkinje Cells from Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury Induced by Cardiac Arrest through Attenuation of Oxidative Stress.

Research reports using animal models of ischemic insults have demonstrated that oxcarbazepine (a carbamazepine analog: one of the anticonvulsant compounds) extends neuroprotective effects against cerebral or forebrain injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion. However, research on protective effects against ischemia and reperfusion cerebellar injury induced by cardiac arrest (CA) and the return of spontaneous circulation has been poor. Rats were assigned to four groups as follows: (Groups 1 and 2) sham asphyxial CA and vehicle- or oxcarbazepine-treated, and (Groups 3 and 4) CA and vehicle- or oxcarbazepine-treated.

Determination of Optimal Line-Heating Conditions for Flatness Control of Wind Tower Blocks Using Strain as Direct Boundary Method.

The wind tower block is welded with the flange to assemble the wind tower. The inherent strain due to local heating and cooling of the weld affects the flatness of the flange. Therefore, line heating is performed to satisfy the design criteria of the flange flatness, but the work variables depend on the operator's empirical judgment.

Protective Effects of Topical Administration of Laminarin in Oxazolone-Induced Atopic Dermatitis-like Skin Lesions.

Laminarin is a polysaccharide isolated from brown marine algae and has a wide range of bioactivities, including immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effects of laminarin on atopic dermatitis have not been demonstrated. This study investigated the potential effects of topical administration of laminarin using a Balb/c mouse model of oxazolone-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions.

Effects of Brain Factor‑7® against motor deficit and oxidative stress in a mouse model of MPTP‑induced Parkinson's disease.

Oxidative stress is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) through degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. The present study was designed to investigate the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic potential of Brain Factor-7 (BF-7), a natural compound in silkworm, in a mouse model of PD induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). MPTP (20 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into mice to cause symptoms of PD.

Astaxanthin Confers a Significant Attenuation of Hippocampal Neuronal Loss Induced by Severe Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Gerbils by Reducing Oxidative Stress.

Astaxanthin is a powerful biological antioxidant and is naturally generated in a great variety of living organisms. Some studies have demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of ATX against ischemic brain injury in experimental animals. However, it is still unknown whether astaxanthin displays neuroprotective effects against severe ischemic brain injury induced by longer (severe) transient ischemia in the forebrain.

Reversible ammonia uptake at room temperature in a robust and tunable metal-organic framework.

Ammonia is useful for the production of fertilizers and chemicals for modern technology, but its high toxicity and corrosiveness are harmful to the environment and human health. Here, we report the recyclable and tunable ammonia adsorption using a robust imidazolium-based MOF (JCM-1) that uptakes 5.7 mmol g of NH at 298 K reversibly without structural deformation.

Hyperthermia accelerates neuronal loss differently between the hippocampal CA1 and CA2/3 through different HIF‑1α expression after transient ischemia in gerbils.

The hippocampus has a different vulnerability to ischemia according to the subfields CA1 to CA3 (initials of cornu ammonis). It has been reported that body temperature changes during ischemia affect the degree of neuronal death following transient ischemia. Hypoxia‑inducible factor 1α (HIF‑1α) plays a key role in regulating cellular adaptation to low oxygen conditions.

bark extract rich in flavonoids promotes hair growth in dorsal skin by regulating inflammatory cytokines and increasing growth factors in mice.

Korean maritime pine bark () has been used as an alternative medicine due to its beneficial properties, including anti‑inflammatory effects. To date, the anti‑inflammatory and hair growth‑promoting effects of bark extract have remained elusive. Therefore, in the present study, bark was extracted with pure water (100˚C) and the extract was examined to determine its polyphenol and flavonoid content.

Hypothermia Induced by Oxcarbazepine after Transient Forebrain Ischemia Exerts Therapeutic Neuroprotection through Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1 and 4 in Gerbils.

In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of post-ischemic treatment with oxcarbazepine (OXC; an anticonvulsant compound) against ischemic injury induced by transient forebrain ischemia and its mechanisms in gerbils. Transient ischemia was induced in the forebrain by occlusion of both common carotid arteries for 5 min under normothermic conditions (37 ± 0.2 °C).

Therapeutic effects of stiripentol against ischemia-reperfusion injury in gerbils focusing on cognitive deficit, neuronal death, astrocyte damage and blood brain barrier leakage in the hippocampus.

Stiripentol is an anti-epileptic drug for the treating of refractory status epilepticus. It has been reported that stiripentol can attenuate seizure severity and reduce seizure-induced neuronal damage in animal models of epilepsy. The objective of the present study was to investigate effects of post-treatment with stiripentol on cognitive deficit and neuronal damage in the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) region of the hippocampus proper following transient ischemia in the forebrain of gerbils.

Ischemia-Induced Cognitive Impairment Is Improved via Remyelination and Restoration of Synaptic Density in the Hippocampus after Treatment with COG-Up in a Gerbil Model of Ischemic Stroke.

Cerebrovascular disease such as ischemic stroke develops cognitive impairment due to brain tissue damage including neural loss, demyelination and decrease in synaptic density. In the present study, we developed transient ischemia in the forebrain of the gerbil and found cognitive impairment using the Barnes maze test and passive avoidance test for spatial memory and learning memory, respectively. In addition, neuronal loss/death was detected in the Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) region of the gerbil hippocampus after the ischemia by cresyl violet histochemistry, immunohistochemistry for neuronal nuclei and histofluorescence with Fluoro-Jade B.

Ultrafast Na Transport into Crystalline Sn via Dislocation-Pipe Diffusion.

The charging process of secondary batteries is always associated with a large volume expansion of the alloying anodes, which in many cases, develops high compressive residual stresses near the propagating interface. This phenomenon causes a significant reduction in the rate performance of the anodes and is detrimental to the development of fast-charging batteries. However, for the Na-Sn battery system, the residual stresses that develop near the interface are not stored, but are relieved by the generation of high-density dislocations in crystalline Sn.

Self-Assembly of Pulverized Nanoparticles: An Approach to Realize Large-Capacity, Long-Lasting, and Ultra-Fast-Chargeable Na-Ion Batteries.

The fabrication of battery anodes simultaneously exhibiting large capacity, fast charging capability, and high cyclic stability is challenging because these properties are mutually contrasting in nature. Here, we report a rational strategy to design anodes outperforming the current anodes by simultaneous provision of the above characteristics without utilizing nanomaterials and surface modifications. This is achieved by promoting spontaneous structural evolution of coarse Sn particles to 3D-networked nanostructures during battery cycling in an appropriate electrolyte.

Therapeutic Effects of Risperidone against Spinal Cord Injury in a Rat Model of Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest: A Focus on Body Temperature, Paraplegia, Motor Neuron Damage, and Neuroinflammation.

Cardiac arrest (CA) causes severe spinal cord injury and evokes spinal cord disorders including paraplegia. It has been reported that risperidone, an antipsychotic drug, effectively protects neuronal cell death from transient ischemia injury in gerbil brains. However, until now, studies on the effects of risperidone on spinal cord injury after asphyxial CA (ACA) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are not sufficient.

Extract Is Rich in Polyphenols and Protects Neurons, Astrocytes, and the Blood-Brain Barrier in Gerbil Striatum Following Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Transient ischemia in brains causes neuronal damage, gliosis, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, which is related to ischemia-induced brain dysfunction. species have various pharmacological properties including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we found that phenolic compounds were rich in extract and examined the effects of extract on neuronal damage/death, astrogliosis, and BBB breakdown in the striatum, which is related to motor behavior, following 15-min transient ischemia in the forebrain in gerbils.

Changes in Cyclin D1, cdk4, and Their Associated Molecules in Ischemic Pyramidal Neurons in Gerbil Hippocampus after Transient Ischemia and Neuroprotective Effects of Ischemic Preconditioning by Keeping the Molecules in the Ischemic Neurons.

Inadequate activation of cell cycle proteins including cyclin D1 and cdk4 is involved in neuronal cell death induced by diverse pathological stresses, including transient global brain ischemia. The neuroprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning is well-established, but the underlying mechanism is still unknown. In this study, we examined changes in cyclin D1, cdk4, and related molecules in cells or neurons located in Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) of gerbil hippocampus after transient ischemia for 5 min (ischemia and reperfusion) and investigated the effects of IPC on these molecules after ischemia.

Neuroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Bark Extract in Gerbil Hippocampus Following Transient Forebrain Ischemia.

Korean red pine () belongs to the Genus and its bark contains a great amount of naturally occurring phenolic compounds. Until now, few studies have been conducted to assess the neuroprotective effects of bark extract against brain ischemic injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of pre-treatment with the extract in the hippocampus following 5-min transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils.