Deep-Learning Model Prediction of Radiation Pneumonitis Using Pretreatment Chest Computed Tomography and Clinical Factors.

This study aimed to build a comprehensive deep-learning model for the prediction of radiation pneumonitis using chest computed tomography (CT), clinical, dosimetric, and laboratory data. Radiation therapy is an effective tool for treating patients with lung cancer. Despite its effectiveness, the risk of radiation pneumonitis limits its application.

Comparing deep learning and handcrafted radiomics to predict chemoradiotherapy response for locally advanced cervical cancer using pretreatment MRI.

Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is the standard treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC), but its responsiveness varies among patients. A reliable tool for predicting CRT responses is necessary for personalized cancer treatment. In this study, we constructed prediction models using handcrafted radiomics (HCR) and deep learning radiomics (DLR) based on pretreatment MRI data to predict CRT response in LACC.

Predictive factors for severe radiation-induced lung injury in patients with lung cancer and coexisting interstitial lung disease.

Background And Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the predictive factors of severe radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) in patients with lung cancer and coexisting interstitial lung disease (ILD) undergoing conventionally fractionated thoracic radiotherapy.

Materials And Methods: The study includes consecutive patients treated with thoracic radiotherapy for lung cancer at two tertiary centers between 2010 and 2021. RILI severity was graded using the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria version 5.

Explainable Artificial Intelligence and Wearable Sensor-Based Gait Analysis to Identify Patients with Osteopenia and Sarcopenia in Daily Life.

Osteopenia and sarcopenia can cause various senile diseases and are key factors related to the quality of life in old age. There is need for portable tools and methods that can analyze osteopenia and sarcopenia risks during daily life, rather than requiring a specialized hospital setting. Gait is a suitable indicator of musculoskeletal diseases; therefore, we analyzed the gait signal obtained from an inertial-sensor-based wearable gait device as a tool to manage bone loss and muscle loss in daily life.

Predicting Tumor Budding Status in Cervical Cancer Using MRI Radiomics: Linking Imaging Biomarkers to Histologic Characteristics.

Background: Our previous study demonstrated that tumor budding (TB) status was associated with inferior overall survival in cervical cancer. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether radiomic features can predict TB status in cervical cancer patients.

Methods: Seventy-four patients with cervical cancer who underwent preoperative MRI and radical hysterectomy from 2011 to 2015 at our institution were enrolled.

Mapping patterns of para-aortic lymph node recurrence in cervical cancer: a retrospective cohort analysis.

Background: To map anatomic patterns of para-aortic lymph node (PALN) recurrence in cervical cancer patients and validate currently available guidelines on PA clinical target volumes (CTV).

Methods: Cervical cancer patients who developed PALN recurrence were included. The PALNs were classified as left-lateral para-aortic (LPA), aorto-caval (AC), and right para-caval (RPC).

Initial experience of preoperative short-course radiotherapy followed by oxaliplatin-based consolidation chemotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer.

Purpose: We analyzed the safety and feasibility of preoperative short-course radiotherapy (SCRT) followed by consolidation chemotherapy for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).

Methods: From April 2018 to May 2019, 19 patients with LARC were treated with SCRT followed by three cycles of consolidation chemotherapy with leucovorin, fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX6) before surgery. Adjuvant chemotherapy relied on oxaliplatin.

Robustness of magnetic resonance radiomic features to pixel size resampling and interpolation in patients with cervical cancer.

Background: Radiomics is a promising field in oncology imaging. However, the implementation of radiomics clinically has been limited because its robustness remains unclear. Previous CT and PET studies suggested that radiomic features were sensitive to variations in pixel size and slice thickness of the images.

Magnetic resonance imaging features of tumor and lymph node to predict clinical outcome in node-positive cervical cancer: a retrospective analysis.

Background: Current chemoradiation regimens for locally advanced cervical cancer are fairly uniform despite a profound diversity of treatment response and recurrence patterns. The wide range of treatment responses and prognoses to standardized concurrent chemoradiation highlights the need for a reliable tool to predict treatment outcomes. We investigated pretreatment magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of primary tumor and involved lymph node for predicting clinical outcome in cervical cancer patients.

Regional nodal irradiation in pT1-2N1 breast cancer patients treated with breast-conserving surgery and whole breast irradiation.

Purpose: To evaluate the necessity of regional nodal irradiation (RNI) for pT1-2N1 breast cancer patients treated with breast-conserving surgery and radiotherapy, we compared clinical outcomes of patients treated with and without RNI.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 214 pT1-2N1 breast cancer patients treated with breast-conserving surgery and whole breast irradiation from 2009-2016. There were 142 (66.

Local and regional recurrence following mastectomy in breast cancer patients with 1-3 positive nodes: implications for postmastectomy radiotherapy volume.

Purpose: To determine the necessity of postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) and which regions would be at risk for recurrence, we evaluated local and regional recurrence in breast cancer patients with 1-3 positive nodes and a tumor size of <5 cm.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data of 133 female breast cancer patients with 1-3 positive nodes, and a tumor size of <5 cm who were treated with mastectomy followed by adjuvant systemic therapy between 2007 and 2016. The median follow-up period was 57 months (range, 12 to 115 months).

Evaluation of the hybrid-dynamic conformal arc therapy technique for radiotherapy of lung cancer.

Purpose: A hybrid-dynamic conformal arc therapy (HDCAT) technique consisting of a single half-rotated dynamic conformal arc beam and static field-in-field beams in two directions was designed and evaluated in terms of dosimetric benefits for radiotherapy of lung cancer.

Materials And Methods: This planning study was performed in 20 lung cancer cases treated with the VERO system (BrainLAB AG, Feldkirchen, Germany). Dosimetric parameters of HDCAT plans were compared with those of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) plans in terms of target volume coverage, dose conformity, and sparing of organs at risk.

Prognostic significance of residual lymph node status after definitive chemoradiotherapy in patients with node-positive cervical cancer.

Objective: Lymph node involvement is an important prognostic factor in patients with cervical cancer. However, the prognostic significance of lymph node response to chemoradiotherapy remains unclear. We retrospectively analyzed the relationship between residual lymph node status after definitive chemoradiotherapy and survival.

Prognostic value of intratumoral metabolic heterogeneity on F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in locally advanced cervical cancer patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy.

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic value for predicting tumor recurrence of intratumoral metabolic heterogeneity and traditional quantitative metabolic parameters on pre-treatment F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT).

Materials And Methods: Ninety-three patients with biopsy-proven cervical cancer and treated with CCRT (FIGO stage IIB-IV) were enrolled in this study. The traditional metabolic parameters of the primary tumor, regional lymph node, and whole body (maximum standardized uptake value [SUVmax], metabolic tumor volume [MTV], and total lesion glycolysis), and intratumoral heterogeneity factor (HF) were measured on pre-treatment 18F-FDG PET/CT images.

Simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy versus 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy in preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer.

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy (SIB-IMRT) for preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy (PCRT) in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), by comparing with 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT).

Materials And Methods: Patients who were treated with PCRT for LARC from 2015 January to 2016 December were retrospectively enrolled. Total doses of 45 Gy to 50.

Technical advances in external radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Radiotherapy techniques have substantially improved in the last two decades. After the introduction of 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, radiotherapy has been increasingly used for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Currently, more advanced techniques, including intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR), and charged particle therapy, are used for the treatment of HCC.

The response of thrombosis in the portal vein or hepatic vein in hepatocellular carcinoma to radiation therapy.

Purpose: The purpose of current study is to evaluate the response of the patients with portal vein thrombosis (PVT) or hepatic vein thrombosis (HVT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT). In addition, survival of patients and potential prognostic factors of the survival was evaluated.

Materials And Methods: Forty-seven patients with PVT or HVT in HCC, referred to our department for radiotherapy, were retrospectively reviewed.

Preoperative chemoradiation for locally advanced rectal cancer: comparison of three radiation dose and fractionation schedules.

Purpose: The standard radiation dose for patients with locally rectal cancer treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy is 45-50 Gy in 25-28 fractions. We aimed to assess whether a difference exists within this dose fractionation range.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed to compare three dose fractionation schedules.

Comparison of the Prognostic Value of F-18 Pet Metabolic Parameters of Primary Tumors and Regional Lymph Nodes in Patients with Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer Who Are Treated with Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy.

Objective: This study investigated the metabolic parameters of primary tumors and regional lymph nodes, as measured by pre-treatment F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-18 FDG PET/CT) to compare the prognostic value for the prediction of tumor recurrence. This study also identified the most powerful parameter in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy.

Methods: Fifty-six patients who were diagnosed with cervical cancer with pelvic and/or paraaortic lymph node metastasis were enrolled in this study.

Boundary Preserving Dense Local Regions.

We propose a dense local region detector to extract features suitable for image matching and object recognition tasks. Whereas traditional local interest operators rely on repeatable structures that often cross object boundaries (e.g.

Virtual lymph node analysis to evaluate axillary lymph node coverage provided by tangential breast irradiation.

Purpose: To investigate the coverage of axillary lymph node with tangential breast irradiation fields by using virtual lymph node (LN) analysis.

Materials And Methods: Forty-eight women who were treated with whole breast irradiation after breast-conserving surgery were analyzed. The axillary and breast volumes were delineated according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) contouring atlas.

Comparison of electron and x-ray beams for tumor bed boost irradiation in breast-conserving treatment.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the dosimetric profiles of electron beams (EB) and X-ray beams (XB) for boosting irradiation in breast cancer patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery and postoperative radiotherapy.

Methods: For 131 breast cancer patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery, we compared plans for EB and XB boost irradiation after whole-breast irradiation. The organs at risk (OAR) included the cardiac chambers, coronary arteries, ipsilateral lung, and skin.

Pelvic insufficiency fracture after radiotherapy in patients with cervical cancer in the era of PET/CT.

Purpose: To determine the incidence, risk factors, and clinical characteristics of pelvic insufficiency fracture (PIF) in patients with cervical cancer.

Materials And Methods: Between July 2004 and August 2009, 235 patients with non-metastatic cervical cancer were treated with definitive chemoradiation or postoperative radiotherapy. Among 235 patients, 117 (49.

Correlation of HER1/EGFR expression and degree of radiosensitizing effect of the HER1/EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib.

Epidermal growth factor receptor (HER1/EGFR)-mediated signal transduction pathways are important in cellular response to ionizing radiation. High HER1/EGFR expression on cancer cells may contribute to radioresistance. In this pre-clinical study, we evaluated the radiosensitizing effect of erlotinib, a small molecule HER1/EGFR inhibitor in three human cancer cell lines with different HER1/EGFR expression--A431 (very high expression), H157 (moderate expression) and H460 (low expression).