Decoding threat neurocircuitry representations during traumatic memory recall in PTSD.

The neurocircuitry mechanisms underlying recall of traumatic memories remain unclear. This study investigated whether traumatic memory recall engages neurocircuitry representations that mirror activity patterns engaged during generalized threat stimulus processing in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Multivariate pattern analysis was used to train 3 decoders.

Clinicians navigating moral accountability when discussing parental behaviors in the care of the child in the hospital.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore how moral accountability is navigated when clinicians talk about parental behaviors to support the health of the hospitalized child.

Methods: We conducted a secondary data analysis of 74 conversations during daily rounds video recorded as part of a randomized controlled trial of an intervention to advance family-centered rounds in one children's hospital. Conversations involving children under the age 18 who were cared for by a pediatric hospitalist service, pulmonary service, or hematology/oncology service were recorded.

Shame in patient-health professional encounters: A scoping review.

Shame can arise during patient-health professional encounters when discussing traumatising and stigmatising topics and can contribute to negative patient outcomes. This review aims to summarise what is known regarding shame in patient-health professional encounters. We conducted a scoping review using Levac and colleagues' approach and reported the findings using the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews.

Decoding context memories for threat in large-scale neural networks.

Humans are often tasked with determining the degree to which a given situation poses threat. Salient cues present during prior events help bring online memories for context, which plays an informative role in this process. However, it is relatively unknown whether and how individuals use features of the environment to retrieve context memories for threat, enabling accurate inferences about the current level of danger/threat (i.

Innovative Integrated Motivational Interviewing for Dual Management in Tuberculosis Patients with Diabetes (MID-DOT) in Malaysia.

(1) Background: Achieving successful tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes among diabetic patients is a real challenge as TB complicates control of diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an integrated dual management educational module, MID-DOTS, which uses the mmotivational interviewing (MI) technique implemented within directly observed treatment as part of a short course (DOTS) program in TB patients with diabetes (TB/DM). A randomized controlled trial was conducted in the northeastern state of Malaysia.

"I am not a junkie": Social categorization and differentiation among people who use drugs.

Background: Substance use stigma is a form of group-based exclusion, and delineating pathways from stigma to poor health requires a deeper understanding of the social dynamics of people who use drugs (PWUD). Outside of recovery, scant research has examined the role of social identity in addiction. Framed by Social Identity Theory/Self-Categorization Theory, this qualitative study investigated strategies of within-group categorization and differentiation among PWUD and the roles these social categories may play in shaping intragroup attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors.

Concept analysis of shame in nursing.

Nurses can facilitate opportunities for patients who feel shame to experience healing in their mental health. Disciplines such as psychology have extensive shame research, yet nursing may provide a unique perspective to bolster research on shame. The objective of this analysis is to examine the use of shame as a concept in nursing literature.

Personalised management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Malaysian consensus algorithm for appropriate use of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) in COPD patients.

Background: Regarding the long-term safety issues with the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and the clinical predominance of dual bronchodilators in enhancing treatment outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), ICS is no longer a "preferred therapy" according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease except on top of a dual bronchodilator. This has necessitated a change in the current therapy for many COPD patients.

Objective: To determine a standardised algorithm to reassess and personalise the treatment COPD patients based on the available evidence.

Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes among Tuberculosis Patients in Kelantan, Malaysia.

Background: There is growing evidence that DM may play an important role in the occurrence of unsuccessful TB treatment outcomes. This study was undertaken to examine the prevalence of DM among TB population, compare the profile of TB patients with and without DM and determine the effect of DM on unsuccessful treatment outcomes among TB patients in Kelantan state, Malaysia from 2012 to 2016.

Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Sep 2017 using data from registered TB cases in Kelantan state, Malaysia from 2012 to 2016.

A Pilot Randomized Trial of Oral Magnesium Supplementation on Supraventricular Arrhythmias.

Low magnesium may increase the risk of atrial fibrillation. We conducted a double-blind pilot randomized trial to assess adherence to oral magnesium supplementation (400 mg of magnesium oxide daily) and a matching placebo, estimate the effect on circulating magnesium concentrations, and evaluate the feasibility of using an ambulatory heart rhythm monitoring device (ZioPatch) for assessing premature atrial contractions. A total of 59 participants were randomized; 73% were women, and the mean age was 62 years.

The effect of Tualang honey on the quality of life of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a 6-months regime of honey supplementation in improving the quality of life (QoL) of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods: A single blind randomized controlled trial on 34 patients with COPD was conducted. The participants were divided into two groups, including honey (n = 22) and standard care (n = 12).

Impact of explained v. unexplained front-of-package nutrition labels on parent and child food choices: a randomized trial.

Objective: The present study investigated whether parent/child pairs would select more healthful foods when: (i) products were labelled with front-of-package (FOP) nutrition labels relative to packages without labels; (ii) products were labelled with colour-coded Multiple Traffic Light (MTL) FOP labels relative to monochromatic Facts up Front (FuF) FOP labels; and (iii) FOP labels were explained via in-aisle signage v. unexplained.

Design: Participants were randomly assigned to one of five conditions: (i) FuF labels with in-aisle signs explaining the labels; (ii) FuF labels, no signage; (iii) MTL labels with in-aisle signage; (iv) MTL labels, no signage; (v) control group, no labels/signage.

Measuring perceived barriers to healthful eating in obese, treatment-seeking adults.

Objective: To characterize perceived barriers to healthful eating in a sample of obese, treatment-seeking adults and to examine whether changes in barriers are associated with energy intake and body weight.

Design: Observational study based on findings from a randomized, controlled behavioral weight-loss trial.

Participants: Participants were 113 women and 100 men, mean age 48.

Sex-specific HDL cholesterol changes with weight loss and their association with anthropometric variables: the LIFE study.

Decrease in the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) has been observed in women who start dieting, but not in men. Patterns of HDLC change during intentional weight loss through 30-months of follow-up, and their association with changes in anthropometric measurements were examined in obese women (N = 112) and men (N = 100). Missing HDLC values at 6-, 12-, 18-, and 30-month follow-up (N = 16, 34, 55, and 50, respectively) due to dropout were imputed by multiple imputation.

Maintenance-tailored therapy vs. standard behavior therapy for 30-month maintenance of weight loss.

Objective: To assess differences in weight regain one year after an 18-month obesity treatment with standard behavior therapy (SBT) or maintenance-tailored therapy for obesity (MTT).

Method: 213 obese adult volunteers were treated for 18 months using SBT with fixed behavioral prescriptions or MTT that employed varied behavioral prescriptions with treatment breaks. Follow-up analysis focused on weight maintenance after a year of no contact.

Changes in C-reactive protein during weight loss and the association with changes in anthropometric variables in men and women: LIFE Study.

Objective: To investigate whether sex differences exist in the pattern of change in C-reactive protein (CRP) levels during weight loss, and whether the associations between weight change and CRP change differ by the types of anthropometric variables.

Design: Longitudinal, prospective analysis of subjects participating in an intentional weight loss trial (the Lose It For Ever: LIFE Study) followed-up for 30 months.

Subjects: A total of 212 healthy, obese men and women (age: 23-77 years, body mass index (BMI): 30-39 kg m(-2)) took part in this study.

Energy density and weight change in a long-term weight-loss trial.

Background: Health risks linked to obesity and the difficulty most have in achieving weight loss underscore the importance of identifying dietary factors that contribute to successful weight loss.

Methods: This study examined the association between change in dietary energy density and weight loss over time. Subjects were 213 men and women with BMI of 30-39 kg/m2 and without chronic illness enrolled in 2004 in a randomized trial evaluating behavioral treatments for long-term weight loss.

Mood, Weight, and Physical Activity Among Obese Individuals Enrolled In a Long-term Weight-loss Program: Trajectories and Associations with Gender.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the trajectories of mood, weight and physical activity, and associations between mood, weight, and gender, among 213 obese individuals. METHODS: Prospective, longitudinal design. Assessments at baseline and 6, 12, and 18 months of Profile of Mood States, Paffenbarger Physical Activity Questionnaire, and weight.