Robust and flexible learning of a high-dimensional classification rule using auxiliary outcomes.

Correlated outcomes are common in many practical problems. In some settings, one outcome is of particular interest, and others are auxiliary. To leverage information shared by all the outcomes, traditional multi-task learning (MTL) minimizes an averaged loss function over all the outcomes, which may lead to biased estimation for the target outcome, especially when the MTL model is misspecified.

Recombinant Human IL-32θ Induces Polarization Into M1-like Macrophage in Human Monocytic Cells.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is formed by several immune cells. Notably, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are existed in the TME that induce angiogenesis, metastasis, and proliferation of cancer cells. Recently, a point-mutated variant of IL-32θ was discovered in breast cancer tissues, which suppressed migration and proliferation through intracellular pathways.

Dual Antibacterial Properties of Copper-Coated Nanotextured Stainless Steel.

Bacterial adhesion to stainless steel, an alloy commonly used in shared settings, numerous medical devices, and food and beverage sectors, can give rise to serious infections, ultimately leading to morbidity, mortality, and significant healthcare expenses. In this study, Cu-coated nanotextured stainless steel (nSS) fabrication have been demonstrated using electrochemical technique and its potential as an antibiotic-free biocidal surface against Gram-positive and negative bacteria. As nanotexture and Cu combine for dual methods of killing, this material should not contribute to drug-resistant bacteria as antibiotic use does.

Synovial fluid monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio in knee osteoarthritis patients predicts patient response to conservative treatment: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Biomarkers that predict the treatment response in patients with knee osteoarthritis are scarce. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of synovial fluid cell counts and their ratios as biomarkers of primary knee osteoarthritis.

Methods: This retrospective study investigated 96 consecutive knee osteoarthritis patients with knee effusion who underwent joint fluid aspiration analysis and received concomitant intra-articular corticosteroid injections and blood tests.

Clinical and radiological results of high tibial of osteotomy over the age of 65 are comparable to that of under 55 at minimum 2-year follow-up: a propensity score matched analysis.

Purpose: The results of medial open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) according to age is inconclusive. This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes and failure of MOWHTO in patients < 55 years and > 65 years.

Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent MOWHTO from July 2009 to August 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.

Controlled posterior condylar milling technique for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty minimises tibia resection during gap balancing: Short-term clinical results.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the clinical utility of controlled posterior condylar milling (CPCM) in gap balancing while minimally resecting the tibia during fixed-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA).

Methods: This study is a retrospective cohort study. Patients who underwent medial UKA for isolated medial compartment osteoarthritis with a minimum follow-up of 2 years were included.

Costal Chondrocyte-Derived Pellet-Type Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation Versus Microfracture for the Treatment of Articular Cartilage Defects: A 5-Year Follow-up of a Prospective Randomized Trial.

Background: Costal chondrocyte-derived pellet-type autologous chondrocyte implantation (CCP-ACI) has been introduced as a new therapeutic option for the treatment of articular cartilage defects. We had previously conducted a randomized controlled trial comparing CCP-ACI versus microfracture at 1 year postoperatively.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of CCP-ACI versus microfracture for the treatment of articular cartilage defects of the knee at 5 years postoperatively.

Machine Learning-Based Predictive Models for 90-Day Readmission of Total Joint Arthroplasty Using Comprehensive Electronic Health Records and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures.

Background: The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services currently incentivizes hospitals to reduce postdischarge adverse events such as unplanned hospital readmissions for patients who underwent total joint arthroplasty (TJA). This study aimed to predict 90-day TJA readmissions from our comprehensive electronic health record data and routinely collected patient-reported outcome measures.

Methods: We retrospectively queried all TJA-related readmissions in our tertiary care center between 2016 and 2019.

Dual-Antigen Subunit Vaccine Nanoparticles for Scrub Typhus.

is the causative pathogen of scrub typhus, an acute febrile disease prevalent in the Asia-Pacific region that is spread to people through chigger bites. Despite the emerging threat, there is no currently available vaccine against . Here, we developed dual-antigen subunit vaccine nanoparticles using recombinant 47 kD and 56 kD proteins, which are immunogenic outer membrane antigens of The biocompatible protein vaccine nanoparticles were formed via desolvation of r56 or r47E antigens with acetone, coating with an additional layer of the 56 kD protein, and stabilization with reducible homobifunctional DTSSP and heterobifunctional SDAD crosslinkers.

Development of Self-Assembled Protein Nanocage Spatially Functionalized with HA Stalk as a Broadly Cross-Reactive Influenza Vaccine Platform.

There remains a need for the development of a universal influenza vaccine, as current seasonal influenza vaccines exhibit limited protection against mismatched, mutated, or pandemic influenza viruses. A desirable approach to developing an effective universal influenza vaccine is the incorporation of highly conserved antigens in a multivalent scaffold that enhances their immunogenicity. Here, we develop a broadly cross-reactive influenza vaccine by functionalizing self-assembled protein nanocages (SAPNs) with multiple copies of the hemagglutinin stalk on the outer surface and matrix protein 2 ectodomain on the inner surface.

The Effect of Aging on Outcomes after Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Older (≥ 50 Years) Versus Younger (< 50 Years) Patients.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes after posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction in ≥ 50-year-old patients.

Methods: This retrospective case-control study reviewed 28 patients (age, ≥ 50 years) who underwent PCL reconstruction from 2004 to 2018. These patients were 1 : 1 matched to < 50-year-old patients by sex.

MMPP is a novel VEGFR2 inhibitor that suppresses angiogenesis via VEGFR2/AKT/ERK/NF-κB pathway.

Many types of cancer are associated with excessive angiogenesis. Anti-angiogenic treatment is an effective strategy for treating solid cancers. This study aimed to demonstrate the inhibitory effects of (E)-2-methoxy-4-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl) prop-1-en-1-yl) phenol (MMPP) in VEGFA-induced angiogenesis.

Synovium-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Scaffold-Free Fibrocartilage Engineering for Bone-Tendon Interface Healing in an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Model.

Background: Current tendon and ligament reconstruction surgeries rely on scar tissue healing which differs from native bone-to-tendon interface (BTI) tissue. We aimed to engineer Synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Sy-MSCs) based scaffold-free fibrocartilage constructs and investigate in vivo bone-tendon interface (BTI) healing efficacy in a rat anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction model.

Methods: Sy-MSCs were isolated from knee joint of rats.

Development of algorithm for work intensity evaluation using excess overwork index of construction workers with real-time heart rate measurement device.

Background: The construction workers are vulnerable to fatigue due to high physical workload. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between overwork and heart rate in construction workers and propose a scheme to prevent overwork in advance.

Methods: We measured the heart rates of construction workers at a construction site of a residential and commercial complex in Seoul from August to October 2021 and develop an index that monitors overwork in real-time.

Modulatory effects of point-mutated IL-32θ (A94V) on tumor progression in triple-negative breast cancer cells.

Breast cancer is a frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of death among women worldwide. Tumor-associated macrophages stimulate cytokines and chemokines, which induce angiogenesis, metastasis, proliferation, and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Although interleukin-32 (IL-32) has been implicated in the development and modulation of several cancers, its function in breast cancer remains elusive.

Preoperative Prediction and Risk Factor Identification of Hospital Length of Stay for Total Joint Arthroplasty Patients Using Machine Learning.

Background: The aim of this study was to improve understanding of hospital length of stay (LOS) in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty (TJA) in a high-efficiency, hospital-based pathway.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 1401 consecutive primary and revision TJA patients across 67 patient and preoperative care characteristics from 2016 to 2019 from the institutional electronic health records. A machine learning approach, testing multiple models, was used to assess predictors of LOS.

Chemical and biological conjugation strategies for the development of multivalent protein vaccine nanoparticles.

The development of subunit vaccine platforms has been of considerable interest due to their good safety profile and ability to be adapted to new antigens, compared to other vaccine typess. Nevertheless, subunit vaccines often lack sufficient immunogenicity to fully protect against infectious diseases. A wide variety of subunit vaccines have been developed to enhance antigen immunogenicity by increasing antigen multivalency, as well as stability and delivery properties, via presentation of antigens on protein nanoparticles.

Retro Diels-Alder-triggered self-assembly of a polymerizable macrocyclic diacetylene.

A new triggered self-assembly method, which utilizes retro Diels-Alder (rDA)-promoted self-assembly of a macrocyclic diacetylene, was developed. The steric bulk present in a Diels-Alder (DA) adduct was released by a thermally promoted rDA reaction, resulting in the generation of a linear diacetylene that readily self-assembles to form a supramolecular polymer. The maleimide-containing blue-colored polydiacetylene, which was generated by UV irradiation, was utilized as a thiol specific colorimetric sensor.