PET/MRI evaluation of hepatobiliary tumors.

Positron-emission tomography magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) has emerged as a powerful hybrid molecular imaging technique in clinical practice, overcoming initial technical challenges to provide comprehensive anatomic and metabolic information. This advanced modality combines the superior soft tissue contrast of MRI with the metabolic insights of PET, offering advantages in hepatobiliary imaging, including improved detection of small liver metastases and reduced radiation exposure. The evolution of PET/MRI technology has been marked by significant advancements, such as the development of MRI-compatible PET detectors and sophisticated motion compensation techniques.

The paracetamol metabolite N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI) prevents modulation of K7 channels via G-protein coupled receptors by interference with PIP and Ca sensitivity.

Background And Purpose: Paracetamol has been found to alleviate inflammatory pain by modulating K7 channels. Its metabolite N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI) increases currents through these channels via a stretch of three cysteine residues in the channel S2-S3 linker. Through this effect, the excitability of neurons in the pain pathway is dampened.

Is Younger Age a Risk Factor for Failure Following Aseptic Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty?

Background: Revision total knee arthroplasties (rTKAs) are being performed more frequently in the United States in younger patients. Few large studies have evaluated the effect of age following rTKA. The study sought to evaluate the effect of age on rTKA outcomes.

Corrosion of Modular Dual-Mobility Acetabular Components Leading to Acetabular Bone Loss and Protrusio.

Dual-mobility bearings are being increasingly utilized in total hip arthroplasty. Contemporary modular designs often feature inner cobalt-chromium liners that are seated in outer titanium acetabular shells. However, mating of these 2 dissimilar metals may lead to complications.

A single-session feedback training modifies interpretation bias in individuals with high social anxiety: A randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: The ability to interpret facial expressions accurately is important to adaptive social functioning. Social anxiety disorder is associated with a biased interpretation of facial emotions. This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of feedback training on modifying interpretation bias in individuals with high social anxiety.

Do ChatGPT and Gemini Provide Appropriate Recommendations for Pediatric Orthopaedic Conditions?

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI), and in particular large language models (LLMs) such as Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) and Gemini have provided additional resources for patients to research the management of healthcare conditions, for their own edification and the advocacy in the care of their children. The accuracy of these models, however, and the sources from which they draw conclusions, have been largely unstudied in pediatric orthopaedics. This research aimed to assess the reliability of machine learning tools in providing appropriate recommendations for the care of common pediatric orthopaedic conditions.

Deep learning applications for quantitative and qualitative PET in PET/MR: technical and clinical unmet needs.

We aim to provide an overview of technical and clinical unmet needs in deep learning (DL) applications for quantitative and qualitative PET in PET/MR, with a focus on attenuation correction, image enhancement, motion correction, kinetic modeling, and simulated data generation. (1) DL-based attenuation correction (DLAC) remains an area of limited exploration for pediatric whole-body PET/MR and lung-specific DLAC due to data shortages and technical limitations. (2) DL-based image enhancement approximating MR-guided regularized reconstruction with a high-resolution MR prior has shown promise in enhancing PET image quality.

A triple cysteine motif as major determinant of the modulation of neuronal K7 channels by the paracetamol metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzo quinone imine.

Background And Purpose: The analgesic action of paracetamol involves K7 channels, and its metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzo quinone imine (NAPQI), a cysteine modifying reagent, was shown to increase currents through such channels in nociceptors. Modification of cysteine residues by N-ethylmaleimide, HO, or nitric oxide has been found to modulate currents through K7 channels. The study aims to identify whether, and if so which, cysteine residues in neuronal K7 channels might be responsible for the effects of NAPQI.

The mediating role of the left ventricular mass index on the relationship between the fluid balance and left ventricular diastolic function in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Background: The pathophysiological mechanism of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is complicated. Mediation analysis is an important statistical tool for gaining insight into the complex mechanisms of exposure-outcome effects. We investigated the potential mediating role of the left ventricular mass index (LVMI) on the association between fluid balance (overhydration/extracellular water, OH/ECW) and left ventricular diastolic function (E/e´ ratio) in patients with CKD not yet on dialysis.

Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT) and Bard: Artificial Intelligence Does not yet Provide Clinically Supported Answers for Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis.

Background: Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have led to the creation of large language models (LLMs), such as Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT) and Bard, that analyze online resources to synthesize responses to user queries. Despite their popularity, the accuracy of LLM responses to medical questions remains unknown. This study aimed to compare the responses of ChatGPT and Bard regarding treatments for hip and knee osteoarthritis with the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) recommendations.

Extended Prophylactic Antibiotics for Primary and Aseptic Revision Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Meta-Analysis.

Background: There is growing interest in extended antibiotic prophylaxis (EAP) following total joint arthroplasty (TJA); however, the benefit of EAP remains controversial. For this investigation, both oral and intravenous antibiotic protocols were included in the EAP group.

Methods: The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Ovid Embase, Elton B.

Characteristics of Very Young Patients Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Contemporary Assessment.

Background: This study aims to compare indications, patient characteristics, hospital factors, and complication rates between total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients aged 30 years or younger and those older than 30 years using a large national database.

Methods: The Premier Healthcare Database was utilized to identify primary THA patients from 2015 to 2021 who were aged ≤30 or >30 years. Patient demographics, hospital factors, and primary indications were compared for each cohort.

Strikingly High Rates of Periprosthetic Joint Infection Following Revision Surgery for Periprosthetic Fractures Regardless of Surgery Timing.

Background: Periprosthetic fractures following total hip arthroplasty (THA) often occur in the early postoperative period. Recent data has indicated that early revisions are associated with higher complication rates, particularly periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of timing of periprosthetic fracture surgery on complication rates.

Open-Air Testing of Dual-Comb Time-of-Flight Measurement.

We configured a long-distance ranging apparatus to test the principle of dual-comb time-of-flight measurement using ultrashort lasers. Emphasis was given to the evaluation of open-air performance quantitatively in terms of the measurement resolution and stability. The test results revealed that our dual-comb asynchronous optical pulse sampling permits micrometer-resolved ranging with a repeatability of 2.

Closed Reduction Technique for Acetabular Fractures with Femoral Head Protrusion and Concomitant Superolateral Impaction: A Case Report.

Case: Closed reduction of acetabular fractures with femoral head protrusion and superolateral femoral head impaction may be challenging because the intact acetabular roof may block anatomic reduction with traditional maneuvers. We report the use of a 5-step technique for this unique pattern: medializing force to disengage the femoral head, axial traction to clear the intact ilium, lateralizing force to center the head underneath the acetabular roof, confirmation of femoral head stability, and skeletal traction placement.

Conclusion: Acetabular fractures with femoral head protrusion and concomitant superolateral impaction may be reduced with an initial medializing force followed by axial and lateralizing forces.

Interactions of calmodulin kinase II with the dopamine transporter facilitate cocaine-induced enhancement of evoked dopamine release.

Typical and atypical dopamine uptake inhibitors (DUIs) prefer distinct conformations of the dopamine transporter (DAT) to form ligand-transporter complexes, resulting in markedly different effects on behavior, neurochemistry, and potential for addiction. Here we show that cocaine and cocaine-like typical psychostimulants elicit changes in DA dynamics distinct from those elicited by atypical DUIs, as measured via voltammetry procedures. While both classes of DUIs reduced DA clearance rate, an effect significantly related to their DAT affinity, only typical DUIs elicited a significant stimulation of evoked DA release, an effect unrelated to their DAT affinity, which suggests a mechanism of action other than or in addition to DAT blockade.

Interaction Effect of Phase Angle and Age on Femoral Neck Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Non-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 5.

Low bone mass is common in malnourished patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and can lead to a higher risk of fractures. Elderly and CKD patients have the same risk factors for protein-energy wasting, sarcopenia, and osteoporosis. Here, we investigated the association between phase angle (PhA) and bone mineral density (BMD) in dialysis-naïve patients with CKD stage 5 (CKD5) and identified a statistical relationship between PhA and age, which affects bone density.

Effect of modifying negative interpretation bias toward ambiguous social stimuli across eating and personality disorders.

Objective: Heightened sensitivity toward social rejection has been implicated in eating disorders (ED) and personality disorder (PD). This study examined the effect of a cognitive bias modification training (CBM-I) targeting the interpretation of ambiguous social situations in individuals with comorbid ED and PD.

Method: A total of 128 participants [33 with ED and PD, 22 with ED-only, 22 with PD-only, and 51 healthy controls (HC)] were recruited from a hospital and university settings, and included in the final analyses.

Short-Term Indwelling Foley Catheters Do Not Reduce the Risk of Postoperative Urinary Retention in Uncomplicated Primary THA and TKA: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to determine whether a short-term Foley catheter (inserted in the operating room and removed upon arrival to the orthopaedic floor) would reduce the risk of postoperative urinary retention (POUR) in patients undergoing primary total hip (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods: Three hundred and eighty-eight patients undergoing inpatient primary TKA (n = 228) or THA (n = 160) with spinal anesthesia were randomized to receive a short-term Foley catheter (n = 194) or no Foley (n = 194). There were 143 male and 245 female patients.

Rescue of Misfolded Organic Cation Transporter 3 Variants.

Organic cation transporters (OCTs) are membrane proteins that take up monoamines, cationic drugs and xenobiotics. We previously reported novel missense mutations of organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3, SLC22A3), some with drastically impacted transport capabilities compared to wildtype. For some variants, this was due to ER retention and subsequent degradation of the misfolded transporter.

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP) facilitates norepinephrine transporter dimerization and modulates substrate efflux.

The plasmalemmal norepinephrine transporter (NET) regulates cardiovascular sympathetic activity by clearing extracellular norepinephrine in the synaptic cleft. Here, we investigate the subunit stoichiometry and function of NET using single-molecule fluorescence microscopy and flux assays. In particular, we show the effect of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP) on NET oligomerization and efflux.