Portable Amperometric Biosensor Enhanced with Enzyme-Ternary Nanocomposites for Prostate Cancer Biomarker Detection.

Enzyme-based portable amperometric biosensors are precise and low-cost medical devices used for rapid cancer biomarker screening. Sarcosine (Sar) is an ideal biomarker for prostate cancer (PCa). Because human serum and urine contain complex interfering substances that can directly oxidize at the electrode surface, rapid Sar screening biosensors are relatively challenging and have rarely been reported.

Fabrication of bio-mimic nanozyme based on Mxene@AuNPs and molecular imprinted poly(thionine) films for creatinine detection.

Creatinine (Ctn) is a biomarker for chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, a highly sensitive and specific detection method for Ctn based on a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) based electrochemical biosensor was developed. Mxene (Mx), which has high absorption properties, was modified using carbon screen-printed electrodes (SPCE).

DNA Origami Colloidal Crystals: Opportunities and Challenges.

Over the last three decades, colloidal crystallization has provided an easy-to-craft platform for mesoscale engineering of photonic and phononic crystals. Nevertheless, the crystal lattices achieved thus far with commodity colloids are largely limited to symmetric and densely packed structures, restricting their functionalities. To obtain non-close-packed crystals and the resulting complexity of the available structures, directional binding between "patchy" colloids has been pursued.

Aromadendrin Ameliorates Airway Inflammation in Experimental Mice with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Aromadendrin (ARO) is an active plant compound that exerts anti-inflammatory effects. However, its ameliorative effects on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the inhibitory effects of ARO on bronchial inflammation using an experimental model of COPD.

Thermochemical processing for the sustainable disposal of spent filter waste.

High-efficiency particulate air filters are widely used for indoor air purification. Spent filter waste (SFW), which can trap infectious and toxic substances, is primarily treated via incineration. This method causes environmental concerns, particularly regarding the generation of carbon dioxide (CO) and other air pollutants.

RGB Color-Discriminable Photonic Synapse for Neuromorphic Vision System.

To emulate the functionality of the human retina and achieve a neuromorphic visual system, the development of a photonic synapse capable of multispectral color discrimination is of paramount importance. However, attaining robust color discrimination across a wide intensity range, even irrespective of medium limitations in the channel layer, poses a significant challenge. Here, we propose an approach that can bestow the color-discriminating synaptic functionality upon a three-terminal transistor flash memory even with enhanced discriminating capabilities.

Optimizing stent retrievers for mechanical enhancement and in vitro testing in acute ischemic stroke models.

Background: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Mechanical thrombectomy, especially with stent retrievers, offers a promising treatment, particularly for patients ineligible for intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) therapy. This study aimed to develop and evaluate novel stent retriever designs to enhance mechanical properties and vessel compatibility.

Assessment of the neurotoxicity of monosodium glutamate on neural stem cells and hippocampal neurogenesis in a rodent model.

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a widely used flavor enhancer in processed foods and valued for its ability to enhance the savory taste known as umami. MSG is classified as non-toxic and recognized as a safe food additive with no specific usage restrictions in many countries. However, neurotoxic studies on MSG have primarily focused on neurons, and the effects of MSG on neural stem cells (NSCs) have not been reported.

Tangeretin inhibits airway inflammatory responses by reducing early growth response 1 (EGR1) expression in mice exposed to cigarette smoke and lipopolysaccharide.

Background: Tangeretin, a natural polymethoxyflavone compound, possesses potent anti-inflammatory activity that improves respiratory inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-COPD effects of tangeretin remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the key molecular mechanisms by which tangeretin suppresses COPD-related inflammatory responses.

Defect Self-Elimination in Nanocube Superlattices Through the Interplay of Brownian, van der Waals, and Ligand-Based Forces and Torques.

Understanding defect healing is necessary to control the electronic and optoelectronic performance of devices based on nanoparticle (NP) superlattices. However, a key challenge remains to understand how NP interactions and the resulting dynamics are coupled to defect self-elimination during assembly processes. Additional degrees of freedom that account for the anisotropic nature of NPs associated with rotational dynamics and torques further complicate the challenge.

Direct Three-Dimensional Observation of the Plasmonic Near-Fields of a Nanoparticle with Circular Dichroism.

Characterizing the spatial distribution of the electromagnetic fields of a plasmonic nanoparticle is crucial for exploiting its strong light-matter interaction for optoelectronic and catalytic applications. However, observing the near-fields in three dimensions with a high spatial resolution is still challenging. To realize efficient three-dimensional (3D) nanoscale mapping of the plasmonic fields of nanoparticles with complex shapes, this work established autoencoder-embedded electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) tomography.

In situ atomic observations of aggregation growth and evolution of penta-twinned gold nanocrystals.

The twin boundaries and inherent lattice strain of five-fold twin (5-FT) structures offer a promising and innovative approach to tune nanocrystal configurations and properties, enriching nanomaterial performance. However, a comprehensive understanding of the nonclassical growth models governing 5-FT nanocrystals remains elusive, largely due to the constraints of their small thermodynamically stable size and complex twin configurations. Here, we conducted in situ investigations to elucidate the atomic-scale mechanisms driving size-dependent and twin configuration-related aggregation phenomena between 5-FT and other nanoparticles at the atomic scale.

Latrophilin-2 Deletion in Cardiomyocyte Disrupts Cell Junction, Leading to D-CMP.

Background: Latrophilin-2 (Lphn2), an adhesive GPCR (G protein-coupled receptor), was found to be a specific marker of cardiac progenitors during the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into cardiomyocytes or during embryonic heart development in our previous studies. Its role in adult heart physiology, however, remains unclear.

Methods: The embryonic lethality resulting from deletion necessitates the establishment of cardiomyocyte-specific, tamoxifen-inducible knockout mice, which was achieved by crossing mice with mice having MerCreMer (tamoxifen-inducible Cre [Cyclization recombinase] recombinase) under the α-myosin heavy chain promoter.

Radiation image reconstruction and uncertainty quantification using a Gaussian process prior.

We propose a complete framework for Bayesian image reconstruction and uncertainty quantification based on a Gaussian process prior (GPP) to overcome limitations of maximum likelihood expectation maximization (ML-EM) image reconstruction algorithm. The prior distribution is constructed with a zero-mean Gaussian process (GP) with a choice of a covariance function, and a link function is used to map the Gaussian process to an image. Unlike many other maximum a posteriori approaches, our method offers highly interpretable hyperparamters that are selected automatically with the empirical Bayes method.

Lateral Electronic Junction of a Single Ultrathin Silicon Induced by Interfacial Dipole of Self-Assembled Monolayer.

Interface engineering is pivotal for enhancing the performance and stability of devices with layered structures, including solar cells, electronic devices, and electrochemical systems. Incorporating the interfacial dipole between the bulk layers effectively modulates the energy level difference at the interface and does not significantly influence adjacent layers overall. However, interfaces can drastically affect adjoining layers in ultrathin devices, which are essential for next-generation electronics with high integrity, excellent performance, and low power consumption.

Updates in Molecular Profiling of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Outcomes from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remain poor and better methods of prognostication and therapeutic approaches are needed. Recent advances in cancer genomics have led to the development of molecular subtypes of PDAC associated with clinical outcomes. Current evidence also suggests that the subtypes have differential response to first-line chemotherapy regimens.

Snn and sound: a comprehensive review of spiking neural networks in sound.

The rapid advancement of AI and machine learning has significantly enhanced sound and acoustic recognition technologies, moving beyond traditional models to more sophisticated neural network-based methods. Among these, Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are particularly noteworthy. SNNs mimic biological neurons and operate on principles similar to the human brain, using analog computing mechanisms.

Aromadendrin Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in BEAS-2B Cells and Lungs of Mice.

Aromadendrin is a phenolic compound with various biological effects such as anti-inflammatory properties. However, its protective effects against acute lung injury (ALI) remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the ameliorative effects of aromadendrin in an experimental model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI.

Achieving Optical Refractive Index of 10-Plus by Colloidal Self-Assembly.

This study demonstrates the developments of self-assembled optical metasurfaces to overcome inherent limitations in polarization density (P) and high refractive indices (n) within naturally occurring materials. The Maxwellian macroscopic description establishes a link between P and n, revealing a static limit in natural materials, restricting n to ≈4.0 at optical frequencies.

Resistin Regulates Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Humans via the Endocannabinoid System.

Resistin plays an important role in the pathophysiology of obesity-mediated insulin resistance in mice. However, the biology of resistin in humans is quite different from that in rodents. Therefore, the association between resistin and insulin resistance remains unclear in humans.

Daphnetin alleviates allergic airway inflammation by inhibiting T-cell activation and subsequent JAK/STAT6 signaling.

Allergic asthma is a major health burden on society as a chronic respiratory disease characterized by inflammation and muscle tightening around the airways in response to inhaled allergens. Daphne kiusiana Miquel is a medicinal plant that can suppress allergic airway inflammation; however, its specific molecular mechanisms of action are unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which D.