Chromosome-level Genome Assembly of Korean Long-tailed Chicken and Pangenome of 40 Gallus gallus Assemblies.

This study presents the first chromosome-level genome assembly of the Korean long-tailed chicken (KLC), a unique breed of Gallus gallus known as Ginkkoridak. Our assembly achieved a super contig N50 of 5.7 Mbp and a scaffold N50 exceeding 90 Mb, with a genome completeness of 96.

Simultaneous Coproduction of Xylonic Acid and Xylitol: Leveraging In Situ Hydrogen Generation and Utilization from Xylose.

Pentose oxidation and reduction, processes yielding value-added sugar-derived acids and alcohols, typically involve separate procedures necessitating distinct reaction conditions. In this study, a novel one-pot reaction for the concurrent production of xylonic acid and xylitol from xylose is proposed. This reaction was executed at ambient temperature in the presence of a base, eliminating the need for external gases, by leveraging Pt-supported catalysts.

Self-healing electronic skin with high fracture strength and toughness.

Human skin is essential for perception, encompassing haptic, thermal, proprioceptive, and pain-sensing functions through ion movement. Additionally, it is mechanically resilient and self-healing for protection. Inspired by these unique properties, researchers have attempted to develop stretchable, self-healing sensors based on ion dynamics.

Pyrene-Functionalized Ru-Catenated Metallacycles: Conversion of Catenated System to Monorectangle through Aging.

Molecular transformation behavior within a mechanically interlocked system is often assisted by chemical manipulation, such as the inclusion of guest molecules, variation in the solution concentration, or swapping of solvents. We present in this report the synthesis of ruthenium metal and π-conjugated pyrene-based (2 + 2) catenated rectangles. Additionally, we discuss the structural conversion of these catenated rectangles into monorectangles through adjustments in concentration and solvent composition.

Cavernous Hemangioma of the Mastoid Antrum.

Hemangioma is a common vascular neoplasm that arises in the head and neck regions but is rare in the petrous bone. We report the first case of a solitary cavernous hemangioma in the mastoid antrum. A 68-year-old woman visited our hospital with a complaint of tinnitus without any other symptoms.

Ultra-Thin Ion Exchange Membranes by Low Ionomer Blending for Energy Harvesting.

Exploring the utilization of ion exchange membranes (IEMs) in salinity gradient energy harvesting, a technique that capitalizes on the salinity difference between seawater and freshwater to generate electricity, this study focuses on optimizing PVDF to Nafion ratios to create ultra-thin membranes. Specifically, our investigation aligns with applications such as reverse electrodialysis (RED), where IEMs facilitate selective ion transport across salinity gradients. We demonstrate that membranes with reduced Nafion content, particularly the 50:50 PVDF:Nafion blend, retain high permselectivity comparable to those with higher Nafion content.

Ortho-Carborane Decorated Multi-Resonance TADF Emitters: Preserving Local Excited State and High Efficiency in OLEDs.

A novel class of o-carboranyl luminophores, 2CB-BuDABNA (1) and 3CB-BuDABNA (2) is reported, in which o-carborane moieties are incorporated at the periphery of the B,N-doped multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) core. Both compounds maintain the inherent local emission characteristics of their MR-emitting core, exhibiting intense MR-TADF with high photoluminescence quantum yields in toluene and rigid states. In contrast, the presence of the dark lowest-energy charge transfer state, induced by cage rotation in THF, is suggested to be responsible for emission quenching in a polar solvent.

Analysis of temperature effects on the protein accumulation of the FT-FD module using newly generated Arabidopsis transgenic plants.

Arabidopsis flowering is dependent on interactions between a component of the florigens FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor FD. These proteins form a complex that activates the genes required for flowering competence and integrates environmental cues, such as photoperiod and temperature. However, it remains largely unknown how FT and FD are regulated at the protein level.

Associations of normal fasting glucose levels and of insulin resistance with degenerative rotator cuff tear : Normoglycemia and rotator cuff tear.

Background: The upper normoglycemic range has been proposed as a risk factor for degenerative rotator cuff tendon tear (RCT), and insulin resistance has been suggested as a risk factor for tendinopathy. However, no research has established their association with degenerative RCT in the general population. This study aimed to determine whether fasting glucose levels and insulin resistance are risk factors for degenerative RCT in the normoglycemic population and identify the risk range for fasting glucose.

Modulation of warm temperature-sensitive growth using a phytochrome B dark reversion variant, phyB[G515E], in Arabidopsis and rice.

Introduction: Ambient temperature-induced hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis seedlings is sensed by the epidermis-localized phytochrome B (phyB) and transduced into auxin biosynthesis via a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, phytochrome-interacting factor 4 (PIF4). Once synthesized, auxin travels down from the cotyledons to the hypocotyl, triggering hypocotyl cell elongation. Thus, the phyB-PIF4 module involved in thermosensing and signal transduction is a potential genetic target for engineering warm temperature-insensitive plants.

The first high-quality genome assembly and annotation of Patiria pectinifera.

The blue bat star, a highly adaptive species in the East Sea of Korea, has displayed remarkable success in adapting to recent climate change. The genetic mechanisms behind this success were not well-understood, prompting our report on the first chromosome-level assembly of the Patiria genus. We assembled the genome using Nanopore and Illumina sequences, yielding a total length of 615 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 24,204,423 bp.

Production and engineering of nanobody-based quenchbody sensors for detecting recombinant human growth hormone and its isoforms.

Due to athletes' misuse of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) for performance improvement, the World Anti-Doping Agency has designated rhGH as a prohibited substance. This study focuses on the development and improvement of a simple and fast rhGH detection method using a fluorescence-incorporated antibody sensor "Quenchbody (Q-body)" that activates upon antigen binding. Camelid-derived nanobodies were used to produce stable Q-bodies that withstand high temperatures and pH levels.

Chromosome-level genome assembly of Korean native cattle and pangenome graph of 14 Bos taurus assemblies.

This study presents the first chromosome-level genome assembly of Hanwoo, an indigenous Korean breed of Bos taurus taurus. This is the first genome assembly of Asian taurus breed. Also, we constructed a pangenome graph of 14 B.

25 Years of thermomorphogenesis research: milestones and perspectives.

In 1998, Bill Gray and colleagues showed that warm temperatures trigger arabidopsis hypocotyl elongation in an auxin-dependent manner. This laid the foundation for a vibrant research discipline. With several active members of the 'thermomorphogenesis' community, we here reflect on 25 years of elevated ambient temperature research and look to the future.

Triptycene-Fused Sterically Shielded Multi-Resonance TADF Emitter Enables High-Efficiency Deep Blue OLEDs with Reduced Dexter Energy Transfer.

Designing multi-resonance (MR) emitters that can simultaneously achieve narrowband emission and suppressed intermolecular interactions is challenging for realizing high color purity and stable blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Herein, a sterically shielded yet extremely rigid emitter based on a triptycene-fused B,N core (Tp-DABNA) is proposed to address the issue. Tp-DABNA exhibits intense deep blue emissions with a narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) and a high horizontal transition dipole ratio, superior to the well-known bulky emitter, t-DABNA.

Temperature perception by plants.

Plants constantly face fluctuating ambient temperatures and must adapt to survive under stressful conditions. Temperature affects many aspects of plant growth and development through a complex network of transcriptional responses. Although temperature sensing is a crucial primary step in initiating transcriptional responses via Ca and/or reactive oxygen species signaling, an understanding of how plants perceive temperature has remained elusive.

Discovery and Binding Mechanism of Pyrazoloisoquinoline-Based Novel β-Arrestin Inverse Agonists of the Kappa-Opioid Receptor.

Chronic exposure to stress or unwanted stimuli has been known to activate kappa opioid receptor/dynorphin (KOR/DYN) systems, which could induce depressive states and develop into some psychiatric disorders. Here, we report the first discovery of pyrazoloisoquinoline-based novel KOR β-arrestin inverse agonists through synthesis, structure-activity relationships, optimization, and the biological evaluations of μ/κ/δ opioid receptor activities with cAMP and β-arrestin recruitment assays. The optimized compound shows potent and selective β-arrestin inverse agonism at KOR with an EC value of 9.

A straightforward strategy for reducing variability in flowering time at warm ambient temperatures.

Ambient temperature is one of the major environmental factors affecting flowering. As the temperature rises, most plants, including , flower more rapidly. In addition, phenotypic variability in flowering time tends to increase at warm ambient temperatures.

Impact of π-Expanded Boron-Carbonyl Hybrid Acceptors on TADF Properties: Controlling Local Triplet Excited States and Unusual Emission Tuning.

Three donor-acceptor-type thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters (PXZBAO (), PXZBTO (), and PXZBPO ()) comprising a phenoxazine (PXZ) donor and differently π-expanded boron-carbonyl (BCO) hybrid acceptor units are proposed. The emitters exhibit red () to orange () emissions with an increase in the π-expansion in the BCO acceptors. The control of the strength of local aromaticity for the BCO unit and the corresponding LUMO level is attributed to inducing the unusual emission color shifts.

Highly emissive planarized ,-diarylated benzonaphthoazaborine compounds for narrowband blue fluorescence.

Highly fluorescent blue emitters with high color purity are of great significance for optical applications. Herein, a series of planarized ,-diarylated benzonaphthoazaborine compounds, namely, BzNp (1), BuBzNp (2), BuBzNp (3), BuBzMeNp (4), and BuBzBuNp (5), where electron-donating Bu and Me groups are differently introduced into the -Ph, -Ph, or benzoazaborine rings, are prepared and characterized. All compounds exhibit low-energy absorptions ( = 462-467 nm) and emissions ( = 472-478 nm) remarkably red-shifted compared with those found for the pristine dibenzoazaborine compound (404 and 415 nm, respectively).

Functional Constipation is Associated with a Decline in Word Recognition 2 Years Later in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study.

Background: Consumption and cognitive impairment are the most common health problems among older adults. This study aimed to determine the effects of functional constipation on cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: This was a 2-year longitudinal analysis of Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study data, including 851 community-dwelling residents who participated in both the baseline and follow-up surveys.

BILATERAL MACULAR CHOROIDAL ABNORMALITIES WITH DRUSENOID DEPOSITS IN PATIENTS WITH UNILATERAL PERIPHERAL EXUDATIVE HEMORRHAGIC CHORIORETINOPATHY.

Purpose: To investigate bilateral macular features on optical coherence tomography in patients with unilateral peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy (PEHCR).

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, optical coherence tomography features of affected eyes (PEHCR group, n = 30) and unaffected contralateral eyes (contralateral group, n = 30) were investigated. Age-matched and sex-matched patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV group, n = 51) and healthy controls (normal group, n = 50) were included to compare choroidal thickness, measured at six points apart from the fovea, with the PEHCR group.

Discovery of pyrazole-1-carboxamide derivatives as novel Gi-biased μ-opioid receptor agonists.

μ-Opioid receptor (MOR) Gi-biased agonists with no recruitment of β-arrestin were introduced as a new analgesic strategy to overcome the conventional undesirable side effects of opioid receptor-targeted drugs, such as tolerance, addiction, respiratory depression, and constipation. For the development of novel Gi-biased MOR agonists, the design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis of the aminopyrazole core skeleton were conducted according to the current SAR data of PZM21 (2a) and its derivatives. New derivatives were biologically evaluated for their agonistic effects on cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels for the Gi pathway and β-arrestin recruitment in MOR/κ-opioid receptor/δ opioid receptor.