Quantitative disease resistance in wild to its endemic pathogen .

The evolution of disease resistances is an expected feature of plant-pathogen systems, but whether the genetics of this trait most often produces qualitative or quantitative phenotypic variation is a significant gap in our understanding of natural populations. These two forms of resistance variation are often associated with differences in number of underlying loci, the specificities of host-pathogen coevolution, as well as contrasting mechanisms of preventing or slowing the infection process. Anther-smut disease is a commonly studied model for disease of wild species, where infection has severe fitness impacts, and prior studies have suggested resistance variation in several host species.

High parasite virulence necessary for the maintenance of host outcrossing via parasite-mediated selection.

Biparental sex is widespread in nature, yet costly relative to uniparental reproduction. It is generally unclear why self-fertilizing or asexual lineages do not readily invade outcrossing populations. The Red Queen hypothesis predicts that coevolving parasites can prevent self-fertilizing or asexual lineages from invading outcrossing host populations.

The Skin-Whitening and Antioxidant Effects of Protocatechuic Acid (PCA) Derivatives in Melanoma and Fibroblast Cell Lines.

The skin is the most voluminous organ of the human body and is exposed to the outer environment. Such exposed skin suffers from the effects of various intrinsic and extrinsic aging factors. Skin aging is characterized by features such as wrinkling, loss of elasticity, and skin pigmentation.

Production of 1,2-propanediol from glycerol in Klebsiella pneumoniae GEM167 with flux enhancement of the oxidative pathway.

Background: To support the sustainability of biodiesel production, by-products, such as crude glycerol, should be converted into high-value chemical products. 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PDO) has been widely used as a building block in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Recently, the microbial bioconversion of lactic acid into 1,2-PDO is attracting attention to overcome limitations of previous biosynthetic pathways for production of 1,2-PDO.

Tailored antiplatelet therapy in stent assisted coiling for unruptured aneurysms: a nationwide registry study.

Background: Antiplatelet therapy, where regimens are tailored based on platelet function testing, has been introduced into neurointerventional surgery. This nationwide registry study evaluated the effect and safety of tailored antiplatelet therapy in stent assisted coiling for unruptured aneurysms compared with conventional therapy using a standard regimen.

Methods: This study enrolled 1686 patients in 44 participating centers who received stent assisted coiling for unruptured aneurysms between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2019.

Can disease resistance evolve independently at different ages? Genetic variation in age-dependent resistance to disease in three wild plant species.

Juveniles are typically less resistant (more susceptible) to infectious disease than adults, and this difference in susceptibility can help fuel the spread of pathogens in age-structured populations. However, evolutionary explanations for this variation in resistance across age remain to be tested.One hypothesis is that natural selection has optimized resistance to peak at ages where disease exposure is greatest.

Memory-Guided Image De-Raining Using Time-Lapse Data.

This paper addresses the problem of single image de-raining, that is, the task of recovering clean and rain-free background scenes from a single image obscured by a rainy artifact. Although recent advances adopt real-world time-lapse data to overcome the need for paired rain-clean images, they are limited to fully exploit the time-lapse data. The main cause is that, in terms of network architectures, they could not capture long-term rain streak information in the time-lapse data during training owing to the lack of memory components.

Double pigtail stent placement as an adjunct to lumen-apposing metal stentsfor drainage of pancreatic fluid collections may not affect outcomes: A multicenter experience.

Background And Objectives: EUS-guided drainage of pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) has been increasingly performed using lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS). However, recent data have suggested higher adverse event rates with LAMS compared to double pigtail plastic stents (DPS) alone. To decrease risks, there has been anecdotal use of placing DPS through the LAMS.

The assessment of sarcopenia using psoas muscle thickness per height is not predictive of post-operative complications in IBD.

Background: Sarcopenia is associated with postoperative complications in inflammatory bowel disease. It has most commonly been defined using the skeletal muscle index, computed after analysis of cross-sectional muscle area at L3. Psoas muscle thickness normalized to height (PMTH), which is easier to derive, is a potential surrogate of SMI and sarcopenia in patients with cirrhosis and chronic pancreatitis.

Helicobacter pylori Infection.

Helicobacter pylori infection remains one of the most prevalent infections worldwide, causing significant morbidity and mortality from gastric malignancies and peptic ulcers. This article provides a summary of the microbiology and pathogenesis of this bacterium, emphasizing the complex and protean effects of H pylori on gastric epithelial cells, including stem and progenitor populations, and evasion of host immune defenses. Increasing antibiotic resistance has made management more challenging.

Effects of novel diabetic therapeutic footwear on preventing ulcer recurrence in patients with a history of diabetic foot ulceration: study protocol for an open-label, randomized, controlled trial.

Background: Recurrence after the healing of a foot ulcer is very common among patients with diabetes mellitus. Novel diabetic therapeutic footwear consisted of merino wool, vibration chip, and orthopedic insoles is designed to influence multifaceted mechanisms of foot ulcer occurrence. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of the optimally designed therapeutic footwear on preventing ulcer recurrence in patients with a history of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU).

Analysis of Clinical Data from the Third, Fourth, or Sixth Cranial Nerve Palsy and Diplopia Patients Treated with in a Korean Medicine Clinic: A Retrospective Observational Study.

The clinical course of the third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerve palsies varies according to etiology and onset. The effects of in Korean patients with cranial nerve palsy and paralytic diplopia were assessed. This is a retrospective observational study.

Pyramid Inter-Attention for High Dynamic Range Imaging.

This paper proposes a novel approach to high-dynamic-range (HDR) imaging of dynamic scenes to eliminate ghosting artifacts in HDR images when in the presence of severe misalignment (large object or camera motion) in input low-dynamic-range (LDR) images. Recent non-flow-based methods suffer from ghosting artifacts in the presence of large object motion. Flow-based methods face the same issue since their optical flow algorithms yield huge alignment errors.

Achieving Maximal Production of Fusaricidins from Paenibacillus kribbensis CU01 via Continuous Fermentation.

In this study, we investigated the potential of Paenibacillus kribbensis CU01 in producing fusaricidin, a strong antifungal substance, via optimization of metal ions and carbon and nitrogen source, and continuous fermentation. In the cultivation of a 2-l batch, maximal production of fusaricidins (581 mg l) was achieved in a modified M9 medium containing metal ions, 10 g l glucose, and 1 g l ammonium chloride. Most of glucose was consumed at a rate of 0.

Enhanced l-Lysine into 1,5-Diaminopentane Conversion via Statistical Optimization of Whole-Cell Decarboxylation System.

The global lysine companies in the feed industry have steadily built their production facilities due to the high demand for l-lysine in animal farms, and in recent years there have been excessive supply problems and the world market price of l-lysine has fallen. In this study, the conversion of 1,5-diaminopentane (DAP) by decarboxylation of l-lysine was strategically chosen to enhance the value of lysine. The decarboxylation is enzymatically accessible, and , which is the producer of l-lysine decarboxylase, was applied as a whole-cell form.

Dynamic liver test patterns do not predict bile duct stones.

Background: Numerous models have been developed to predict choledocholithiasis. Recent work has shown that these algorithms perform suboptimally. Identification of clinical predictors with high positive and negative predictive value would minimize adverse events associated with unnecessary diagnostic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) while limiting the use of expensive tests including magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) for indeterminate cases.

Update on the Prevention of Post-ERCP Pancreatitis.

Purpose Of Review: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a commonly performed procedure to manage pancreaticobiliary disease. Post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) is the most common adverse event of ERCP with a significant burden of morbidity and cost.

Recent Findings: Appropriate indication and counseling is mandatory especially for patients at increased risk for PEP such as those with suspected sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, pancreatic indications, and a prior history of PEP.

Spontaneous and applied potential driven indium recovery on carbon electrode and crystallization using a bioelectrochemical system.

Indium removal and recovery on a carbon electrode under a microbial fuel cell (MFC)-based oxidation/reduction reaction were examined using synthetic wastewater. More than 90% of In ions were removed after continuous operation of the MFC for 14 days with an average current generation of ∼50 μA. During operation, indium particulates formed on the cathode carbon electrode.

Endoscopic Closure of Gastrointestinal Fistulae and Leaks.

The development of new endoscopic techniques, such as gastrointestinal (GI) stenting, full-thickness suturing, clip application, and use of tissue adhesives, has had a significant impact on management of GI fistulae. These techniques have shown promising results, but further study is needed to optimize the efficacy of long-term closure. The advancement of endoscopic techniques, including the use of the lumen apposing metal stent (LAMS), has allowed for the deliberate creation of fistula tracts to apply endoscopic therapy that previously could not be achieved.

Onyx Embolization of Intracranial Pial Arteriovenous Fistula.

Intracranial pial arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are rare cerebrovascular lesions consisting of one or more arterial connections to a single venous channel without an intervening nidus. Because of the location and high flow dynamics of these lesions, neurosurgeons may have a difficulty deciding between endovascular treatment and open surgical treatment. We report on a patient who underwent endovascular treatment with liquid embolic agent.

Clinical Variables Correlated with Numbers of Intra-arterial Nimodipine Infusion in Patients with Medically Refractory Cerebral Vasospasm.

Objective: The objective of this study was to find out the clinical variables correlated with repeated intra-arterial (IA) nimodipine infusions in patients with medically refractory cerebral vasospasm (CV) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Materials And Methods: During the 36 months between January 2011 and December 2013, 275 patients were treated at our institute for SAH due to a ruptured intracranial aneurysm. Of the 275 patients, 26 patients (9.

Postoperative subdural hygroma and chronic subdural hematoma after unruptured aneurysm surgery: age, sex, and aneurysm location as independent risk factors.

Objective: This study investigated the incidence and risk factors for the postoperative occurrence of subdural complications, such as a subdural hygroma and resultant chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH), following surgical clipping of an unruptured aneurysm. The critical age affecting such occurrences and follow-up results were also examined.

Methods: The case series included 364 consecutive patients who underwent aneurysm clipping via a pterional or superciliary keyhole approach for an unruptured saccular aneurysm in the anterior cerebral circulation between 2007 and 2013.

Enhanced production of reactive oxygen species by gadolinium oxide nanoparticles under core-inner-shell excitation by proton or monochromatic X-ray irradiation: implication of the contribution from the interatomic de-excitation-mediated nanoradiator effect to dose enhancement.

Core-inner-valence ionization of high-Z nanoparticle atomic clusters can de-excite electrons through various interatomic de-excitation processes, thereby leading to the ionization of both directly exposed atoms and adjacent neutral atoms within the nanoparticles, and to an enhancement in photon-electron emission, which is termed the nanoradiator effect. To investigate the nanoradiator-mediated dose enhancement in the radio-sensitizing of high-Z nanoparticles, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured in a gadolinium oxide nanoparticle (Gd-oxide NP) solution under core-inner-valence excitation of Gd with either 50 keV monochromatic synchrotron X-rays or 45 MeV protons. This measurement was compared with either a radiation-only control or a gadolinium-chelate magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent solution containing equal amounts of gadolinium as the separate atomic species in which Gd-Gd interatomic de-excitations are absent.

Correlates of Physical Activity Among People With Disabilities in South Korea: A Multilevel Modeling Approach.

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the correlates of physical activity (PA) with personal and environmental factors among people with disabilities in South Korea.

Methods: Data from the 2011 National Survey for Physical Activity and Exercise for the Disabled, conducted by Korea Sports Association for the Disabled, was used (n = 1478). The personal characteristics (age, gender, occupation, types of disabilities, family income) and the numbers of public PA-related facilities (welfare center, public indoor gym, and public outdoor facilities) and social sports/exercise clubs for people with disabilities across 16 local areas were also obtained.