A sexually transmitted sugar orchestrates reproductive responses to nutritional stress.

Seminal fluid is rich in sugars, but their role beyond supporting sperm motility is unknown. In this study, we found Drosophila melanogaster males transfer a substantial amount of a phospho-galactoside to females during mating, but only half as much when undernourished. This seminal substance, which we named venerose, induces an increase in germline stem cells (GSCs) and promotes sperm storage in females, especially undernourished ones.

The Inhibitory Effects of Maclurin on Fatty Acid Synthase and Adipocyte Differentiation.

Obesity is a complex health condition characterized by excessive adipose tissue accumulation, leading to significant metabolic disturbances such as insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. Fatty acid synthase (FAS), a key enzyme in lipogenesis, has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for obesity due to its role in adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation. This study employed a multidisciplinary approach involving in silico and in vitro analyses to investigate the anti-adipogenic properties of maclurin, a natural phenolic compound derived from .

Imaging Findings of Nodular Fasciitis in Breast including Artificial Intelligence Mammography and Shear Wave Elastography: A Case Report.

Nodular fasciitis is a benign fibroblastic proliferation rarely reported in the breast. We report the case of a 55-year-old woman who presented with imaging findings that resembled a malignancy. Mammography revealed an isodense nodule with partially indistinct margin in the right breast, showing the abnormality score 75% on artificial intelligence.

Sargachromenol Attenuates Inflammatory Responses by Regulating NF-κB and Nrf2 Pathways in RAW 264.7 Cells and LPS-treated Mice.

This study aims to explore the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of sargachromenol in both RAW 264.7 cells and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice, as previous reports have suggested that sargachromenol possesses anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. Although the precise mechanism behind its anti-inflammatory activity remains unclear, pretreatment with sargachromenol effectively reduced the production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E, and interleukin (IL)-1 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.

Sulfated Polysaccharides from Seaweeds: A Promising Strategy for Combatting Viral Diseases-A Review.

The limited availability of treatments for many infectious diseases highlights the need for new treatments, particularly for viral infections. Natural compounds from seaweed are attracting increasing attention for the treatment of various viral diseases, and thousands of novel compounds have been isolated for the development of pharmaceutical products. Seaweed is a rich source of natural bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides.

Marine Algal Polyphenols as Skin Protective Agents: Current Status and Future Prospectives.

The skin is the outermost anatomical barrier, which plays a vital role in the maintenance of internal homeostasis and protection against physical, chemical, and biological detractors. Direct contact with various stimuli leads to several physiological changes that are ultimately important for the growth of the cosmetic industry. Due to the consequences of using synthetic compounds in skincare and cosmeceutical-related industries, the pharmaceutical and scientific communities have recently shifted their focus to natural ingredients.

Superlubricity with Graphitization in Ti-Doped DLC/Steel Tribopair: Response on Humidity and Temperature.

The anti-friction of diamond-like carbon (DLC) is achieved by a well-developed carbonaceous transfer layer, and Ti-doped DLC is developed into a robustly built-up carbonaceous transfer layer. The friction performance of DLC depends on the operating environment, e.g.

A Rare Case of Invasive Cribriform Carcinoma in Male Breast.

BACKGROUND Male breast cancer is a very rare disease that represents 0.6% of all breast carcinomas. Among breast carcinomas, invasive cribriform carcinoma (ICC) is a rare type of breast carcinoma and is more common in older women, with only a few cases in men reported.

Strategies to Extend the Lifetime of Perovskite Downconversion Films for Display Applications.

Metal halide perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs) have outstanding luminescent properties that are suitable for displays that have high color purity and high absorption coefficient; so they are evaluated for application as light emitters for organic light-emitting diodes, light-converters for downconversion displays, and future near-eye augmented reality/virtual reality displays. However, PeNCs are chemically vulnerable to heat, light, and moisture, and these weaknesses must be overcome before devices that use PeNCs can be commercialized. This review examines strategies to overcome the low stability of PeNCs and thereby permit the fabrication of stable downconversion films, and summarizes downconversion-type display applications and future prospects.

Recovery of sweet taste preference in adult rats following bilateral chorda tympani nerve transection.

Background: Numerous studies have noted the effect of chorda tympani (CT) nerve transection on taste sensitivity yet very few have directly observed its effects on taste receptor and taste signaling protein expressions in the tongue tissue.

Methods: In this study, bilateral CT nerve transection was performed in adult Sprague Dawley rats after establishing behavioral taste preference for sweet, bitter, and salty taste short term two-bottle preference testing using a lickometer setup. Taste preference for all animals were subsequently monitored.

Matching amino acids membrane preference profile to improve activity of antimicrobial peptides.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are cationic antibiotics that can kill multidrug-resistant bacteria via membrane insertion. However, their weak activity limits their clinical use. Ironically, the cationic charge of AMPs is essential for membrane binding, but it obstructs membrane insertion.

Could the Injury Severity Score be a new indicator for surgical treatment in patients with traumatic splenic injury?

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a higher Injury Severity Score (ISS) could serve as an indicator of splenectomy in patients with traumatic splenic lacerations.

Methods: A total of 256 cases of splenic laceration were collected from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2018. After the application of exclusion criteria, 105 were eligible for this study.

Mechanochemistry-driven engineering of 0D/3D heterostructure for designing highly luminescent Cs-Pb-Br perovskites.

Embedding metal-halide perovskite particles within an insulating host matrix has proven to be an effective strategy for revealing the outstanding luminescence properties of perovskites as an emerging class of light emitters. Particularly, unexpected bright green emission observed in a nominally pure zero-dimensional cesium-lead-bromide perovskite (CsPbBr) has triggered intensive research in better understanding the serendipitous incorporation of emissive guest species within the CsPbBr host. However, a limited controllability over such heterostructural configurations in conventional solution-based synthesis methods has limited the degree of freedom in designing synthesis routes for accessing different structural and compositional configurations of these host-guest species.

Maclurin Exhibits Antioxidant and Anti-Tyrosinase Activities, Suppressing Melanogenesis.

Maclurin is rich in some edible fruits such as (white mulberry) and . Although maclurin showed anti-cancer and antioxidant effects, its roles in ultraviolet (UV)-induced melanogenesis have not been studied. Here, we investigated the effects of maclurin in melanogenesis using skin cells and a three-dimensional human skin model.

It is time to define an organizational model for the prevention and management of infections along the surgical pathway: a worldwide cross-sectional survey.

Background: The objectives of the study were to investigate the organizational characteristics of acute care facilities worldwide in preventing and managing infections in surgery; assess participants' perception regarding infection prevention and control (IPC) measures, antibiotic prescribing practices, and source control; describe awareness about the global burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and IPC measures; and determine the role of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic on said awareness.

Methods: A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted contacting 1432 health care workers (HCWs) belonging to a mailing list provided by the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery. The self-administered questionnaire was developed by a multidisciplinary team.

Thermal stability of Si/SiC/ta-C composite coatings and improvement of tribological properties through high-temperature annealing.

We report the structure, mechanical properties, thermal stability, and durability of Si/SiC/ta-C composite (Si-ta-C) coatings fabricated using simultaneous filtered cathodic vacuum arc deposition and direct current unbalanced magnetron sputtering. Si concentration of 1.25-6.

WSES/GAIS/WSIS/SIS-E/AAST global clinical pathways for patients with skin and soft tissue infections.

Skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs) encompass a variety of pathological conditions that involve the skin and underlying subcutaneous tissue, fascia, or muscle, ranging from simple superficial infections to severe necrotizing infections.Together, the World Society of Emergency Surgery, the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery, the Surgical Infection Society-Europe, The World Surgical Infection Society, and the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma have jointly completed an international multi-society document to promote global standards of care in SSTIs guiding clinicians by describing reasonable approaches to the management of SSTIs.An extensive non-systematic review was conducted using the PubMed and MEDLINE databases, limited to the English language.

A Randomized Controlled Trial for Doing vs. Omitting Intraoperative Frozen Section Biopsy for Resection Margin Status in Selected Patients Undergoing Breast-Conserving Surgery (OFF-MAP Trial).

Purpose: Intraoperative frozen section biopsy is used to reduce the margin positive rate and re-excision rate and has been reported to have high diagnostic accuracy. A majority of breast surgeons in the Republic of Korea routinely perform frozen section biopsy to assess margins intraoperatively, despite its long turnaround time and high resource requirements. This study aims to determine whether omitting frozen section biopsy for intraoperative margin evaluation in selected patients is non-inferior to performing frozen section biopsy in terms of resection margin positivity rate.

Effect of a restaurant hygienic grade certificate program on consumer choices.

Background/objectives: The recent coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has brought to light issues regarding personal and environmental cleanliness. Individuals may have concerns about cleanliness at food service establishments when they consume food prepared at a restaurant. In Korea, a new restaurant hygienic certificate system was implemented in 2017.

Determining the etiology of small bowel obstruction in patients without intraabdominal operative history: a retrospective study.

Purpose: Most of the causes of small bowel obstruction (SBO) in patients without a history of abdominal surgery are unclear at initial assessment. This study was conducted to identify the etiology and clinical characteristics of SBO in virgin abdomens and discuss the proper management.

Methods: A retrospective review involving operative cases of SBO from a single institute, which had no history of abdominal surgery, was conducted between January 2010 and December 2020.

Sargahydroquinoic Acid Suppresses Hyperpigmentation by cAMP and ERK1/2-Mediated Downregulation of MITF in α-MSH-Stimulated B16F10 Cells.

Hyperpigmentation diseases of the skin require topical treatment with depigmenting agents. We investigated the hypopigmented mechanisms of sargahydroquinoic acid (SHQA) in alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-stimulated B16F10 cells. SHQA reduced cellular tyrosinase (TYR) activity and melanin content in a concentration-dependent manner and attenuated the expression of TYR and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP1), along with their transcriptional regulator, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF).

WSES/GAIS/SIS-E/WSIS/AAST global clinical pathways for patients with intra-abdominal infections.

Intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) are common surgical emergencies and have been reported as major contributors to non-trauma deaths in hospitals worldwide. The cornerstones of effective treatment of IAIs include early recognition, adequate source control, appropriate antimicrobial therapy, and prompt physiologic stabilization using a critical care environment, combined with an optimal surgical approach. Together, the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES), the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery (GAIS), the Surgical Infection Society-Europe (SIS-E), the World Surgical Infection Society (WSIS), and the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) have jointly completed an international multi-society document in order to facilitate clinical management of patients with IAIs worldwide building evidence-based clinical pathways for the most common IAIs.