The influence of factors associated with past reproductive histories on migraines in middle-aged premenopausal women: a nationwide population-based study in Republic of Korea.

Introduction: Women can experience various reproductive events, such as pregnancy, childbirth, lactation, and contraception, which cause long-term changes in female hormones. In middle-aged women, the prevalence of migraine is high, and a clear gender difference is evident. This study investigated the effects of factors associated with past reproductive events on the risk of new migraine in middle-aged premenopausal women.

Guillain-Barré Syndrome After COVID-19 Infection in Korea: A Case Series.

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune-driven condition characterized by acute polyneuropathy, often emerging as a sequel to prior infections or vaccinations. This study presents the first reported cases of GBS emerging after the full recovery from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in Korea. Despite experiencing mild acute COVID-19 symptoms, these patients faced substantial weakness attributed to GBS, significantly affecting their daily lives.

Cross-sectional area reference values for high-resolution ultrasonography of the lower extremity nerves in healthy Korean adults.

The cross-sectional area (CSA) reference values of the lower extremity nerves in Asians have been rarely reported. For this study, 107 sex- and age-matched, healthy subjects with a mean age of 46 years (range, 24-75 years) were recruited. All subjects underwent standardized nerve conduction studies of the upper and lower extremities.

Posterior Interosseous Fascicular Constriction Within the Radial Nerve in a Diabetic Patient With Bilateral Neuralgic Amyotrophy: A Case Report.

Neuralgic amyotrophy (NA) is an acute, monophasic, painful inflammatory dysimmune focal, or multifocal mononeuropathy. The lesion in NA is not always restricted to the brachial plexus but also involves individual nerves or branches. The prognosis of NA is less favorable than previously assumed, but the reasons for poor recovery remain unknown.

Recurrent Transient Neurological Deficit Due to Intracerebral Steal Phenomenon in Association with a Developmental Venous Anomaly.

We report a symptomatic developmental venous anomaly (DVA) not causing parenchymal abnormality to provide a pathophysiologic clue in patients with recurrent transient neurologic deficit. A 32-year-old male presented with recurrent transient motor aphasia and headache in the left fronto-temporal region for three years. The symptoms usually lasted for one hour.

Cross-sectional area reference values for high-resolution ultrasonography of the upper extremity nerves in healthy Asian adults.

In this study, multiple-site, cross-sectional area (CSA) reference values were established for major peripheral nerves, including small branches, in the upper extremity of a healthy Asian population.This study included 107 prospectively recruited age-matched, healthy subjects with a mean age of 46 years (range, 24-75 years). All subjects underwent standardized nerve conduction studies for the median, ulnar, peroneal, posterior tibial, and sural nerves.

Paramagnetic Rims in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: A Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping Study with 3-T MRI.

Background And Purpose: Iron retained by activated microglia and macrophages in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions may serve as a marker of innate immune system activation. Among several magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods, there has been recent interest in using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) as a potential tool for assessing iron levels in the human brain. This study examined QSM findings in MS and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) lesions obtained with 3-T MRI to assess imaging characteristics related to paramagnetic rims around brain lesions in MS and NMOSD.

Anti-aquaporin-4 Antibody Positive Optic Neuritis Following Scrub Typhus in an Elderly Female.

Introduction: Aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-Ab) is specific for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and so is helpful to distinguish NMOSD from other autoimmune diseases. Several viral infections may play a role in the onset of NMOSD.

Case Report: We describe a case of a previous healthy 82-year-old woman who presented with acute visual loss occurring 3 weeks after scrub typhus.

Association of arterial stiffness with cognition in patients with Lewy body disorder.

The brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) is a marker for arterial stiffness, which is associated with cardiovascular diseases. Arterial stiffness is associated with cognitive function in the elderly and patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to investigate the association between arterial stiffness and cognitive function in patients with Lewy body disorder (LBD), including Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).

Clinical Characteristics of Parkinson's Disease Developed from Essential Tremor.

Background: Recent genetic and epidemiological studies have shown that there is a link between essential tremor and Parkinson's disease (PD). However, there is a lack of data about the clinical features of PD developed from essential tremor.

Objective: To explore and describe the clinical characteristics of Parkinson's disease developed from essential tremor (ET-PD).

Arterial Stiffness and Cardiovascular Autonomic Dysfunction in Patients with Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Pulse wave velocity is a marker of arterial stiffness and a surrogate marker of vascular damage. Autonomic abnormalities associated with blood pressure are relatively commonly observed in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare arterial stiffness between patients with PD and controls and investigate the associations between cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction and pulse wave velocity in PD.

Cardiovascular Autonomic Dysfunction in Mild and Advanced Parkinson's Disease.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with mild to severe stages of motor symptoms and to compare cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction between drug-naïve and dopaminergic drug-treated groups.

Methods: This study included 188 PD patients and 25 age-matched healthy controls who underwent head-up tilt-testing, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring and 24-h Holter monitoring. Autonomic function test results were evaluated among groups categorized by motor symptom severities (mild vs.

Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunctions in elderly patients with essential tremor: comparison with healthy controls.

Questionnaire-based analyses show that patients with essential tremor (ET) may have several autonomic dysfunctions, especially in the cardiovascular and genitourinary domains; yet the laboratory correlates of autonomic dysfunction in ET are unknown and have not been studied. Herein, we explored whether sympathetic and parasympathetic functions differed between control subjects and patients with ET. Seventy-five elderly patients with ET were enrolled in this study, along with 25 age-matched controls.

Arterial stiffness and impaired renal function in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Impaired renal function is regarded as a risk factor for vascular disease, and is associated with an increasing pulse wave velocity. Both renal dysfunction and arterial stiffness are associated with cognitive impairment and dementia. However, there have been few studies that have evaluated the relationship between albuminuria and arterial stiffness and Alzheimer's disease (AD).