Comparison of Urinary Tract Infection Rates Between Transperineal Prostate Biopsies with and Without Prophylactic Antibiotics: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

: The European Association of Urology (EAU) Guidelines on Prostate Cancer note emerging evidence suggesting that antibiotic prophylaxis may not be necessary for transperineal prostate biopsies. However, formal recommendations are pending further research. This meta-analysis compares urinary tract infection (UTI) rates following transperineal prostate biopsies with and without antibiotic prophylaxis.

Evaluation of the Diagnostic Efficacy of the AI-Based Software INF-M01 in Detecting Suspicious Areas of Bladder Cancer Using Cystoscopy Images.

We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the artificial intelligence (AI)-based software INF-M01 in diagnosing suspected bladder tumors using cystoscopy images. Additionally, we aimed to assess the ability of INF-M01 to distinguish and mark suspected bladder cancer using whole cystoscopy images. : A randomized retrospective clinical trial was conducted using a total of 5670 cystoscopic images provided by three institutions, comprising 1890 images each (486 bladder cancer images and 1404 normal images).

Septal perforation repair using costal chondro-perichondrial graft: a case report.

Septal perforation is an anatomical defect of the nasal septum that leads to impaired nasal function, including obstruction and respiratory issues. In this study, a novel surgical approach was introduced to address septal perforations, focusing on the use of costal composite chondro-perichondrial grafts bilaterally in a symmetric manner. This composite graft, composed of costal cartilage and perichondrium, provides mechanical support, aids vascularization, and minimizes perichondrial shrinkage.

Percutaneous Nephrostomy versus Ureteral Stent for Severe Urinary Tract Infection with Obstructive Urolithiasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

: The European Association of Urology guidelines on urolithiasis highlight the limited evidence supporting the superiority of percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) over retrograde ureteral stent placement for the primary treatment of infected hydronephrosis secondary to urolithiasis. We, therefore, conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the effects of PCN and retrograde ureteral stent in patients with severe urinary tract infections secondary to obstructive urolithiasis. : Meta-analyses were performed to compare four outcomes: time for the temperature to return to normal; time for the white blood cell (WBC) count to return to normal; hospital length of stay; and procedure success rate.

Nasal Osteotomies Revisited in Asians: Surface Aesthetics, Anatomical and Technical Considerations.

 Although osteotomy is commonly performed in rhinoplasty, it is difficult for less experienced surgeon to understand mechanism of the procedure. The primary goal of this study is to improve understanding of nasal osteotomy in Asians by considering the surface aesthetics and anatomy of the nose as well as their relationships with the surgical procedure.  Surface aesthetics, anatomic considerations, kinetics of medial and lateral osteotomy, fracture levels of osteotomy were discussed in detail by reviewing the previous publications and 18 years of our experience.

Clinical Course and Mutational Analysis of Patients with Cystine Stone: A Single-Center Experience.

Cystinuria is a known genetic disorder. To date, two genes, SLC3A1 and SLC7A9, have been identified as causes of cystinuria. In this study of 10 patients with cystinuria, which is the largest Korean cohort ever studied, we examined the patients' phenotypes, clinical courses, and genetic analyses.

Impact of Preoperative Ureteral Stenting in Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery for Urolithiasis.

: Ureteral stent insertion passively dilates the ureter. Therefore, it is sometimes used preoperatively before flexible ureterorenoscopy to make the ureter more accessible and facilitate urolithiasis passage, especially when ureteroscopic access has failed or when the ureter is expected to be tight. However, it may cause stent-related discomfort and complications.

Surgical anatomy for Asian rhinoplasty: Part III.

This article, which comprises the third part of a series on surgical anatomy for Asian rhinoplasty, addresses the lower one-third of the nose, including the alar cartilage and tip-supporting structures, known as distal mobile framework. As discussed in earlier parts of this series, diversity in surgical anatomy results in different surgical techniques in Asian rhinoplasty compared to rhinoplasty in Caucasian patients. Nasal tip structures are especially important due to their crucial importance for changing the nasal shape in Asians.

A New Parameter for Calcium Oxalate Stones: Impact of Linear Calculus Density on Non-Contrast Computed Tomography.

: Non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) is widely used to evaluate urolithiasis. The NCCT attenuation, measured in Hounsfield units (HU), has been evaluated to predict stone characteristics. We propose a novel parameter, linear calculus density (LCD), and analyze variables from NCCT imaging to predict calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones, which are common and challenging to fragment.

Silodosin versus Tamsulosin for Medical Expulsive Therapy of Ureteral Stones: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background and Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was performed to compare the therapeutic effects and safety profiles of silodosin and tamsulosin for medical expulsive therapy (MET) of ureteral stones. Materials and Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to identify articles published before July 2022 that described randomized controlled trials comparing silodosin and tamsulosin for MET of ureteral stones. Endpoints were stone expulsion rate, stone expulsion time, and total complication rate.

Surveillance versus Adjuvant Treatment with Chemotherapy or Radiotherapy for Stage I Seminoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis According to EAU COVID-19 Recommendations.

Background and Objectives: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, the European Association of Urology (EAU) Guidelines Office Rapid Reaction Group (GORRG) recommended that patients with clinical stage I (CSI) seminoma be offered active surveillance (AS). This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of AS versus adjuvant treatment with chemotherapy or radiotherapy for improving the overall survival (OS) of CSI seminoma patients. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Comparison of Surgical Outcomes between Single-Use and Reusable Flexible Ureteroscopes for Renal Stone Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

: Disposable flexible ureteroscopes have been widely used because of their cost-effectiveness and higher sterility potential compared with reusable flexible ureteroscopes. This study aimed to compare the surgical outcomes and complication rates in patients who undergo reusable or disposable flexible ureteroscopic stone surgeries (fURS) for urinary stone disease. : A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted under the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline.

Effects of intravesical BCG maintenance therapy duration on recurrence rate in high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC): Systematic review and network meta-analysis according to EAU COVID-19 recommendations.

Purpose: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the European Association of Urology (EAU) recommended that courses of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy lasting more than 1 year could be safely terminated for patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Thus, we conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis according to EAU's COVID-19 recommendations.

Materials And Methods: A systematic review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines.

Swing Door Compressive Fracture Technique for Turbinoplasty: Retrospective Study Based on Computed Tomography and NOSE Scale.

Background: Treatment of inferior turbinate hypertrophy is performed using different techniques in rhinoplasty. However, the reported results are not consistent. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the outcomes of Swing door compressive fracture (SDCF) technique for turbinoplasty using computed tomography (CT) and Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale.

Correction: Biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy according to nadir prostate specific antigen value.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Gastric emptying of preoperative carbohydrate in elderly assessed using gastric ultrasonography: A randomized controlled study.

Background: Preoperative carbohydrate loading enhances postoperative recovery and reduces patient discomfort. However, gastric emptying of liquids can be delayed in elderly populations. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the gastric emptying of 400 mL of a carbohydrate drink ingested 2 hours before surgery in elderly patients.

Klebsiella Aerogenes Infection on the Costochondral Graft of the Nose.

Klebsiella aerogenes is a nosocomial and pathogenic bacterium that causes opportunistic infections including most types of infections. After rhinoplasty, the inserted costochondral graft could be a good material for bacterial growth due to less vascularization and difficult-to-reach antibiotics. The unusual bacterial infection should be considered for preventing poor aesthetic results including graft or implant loss when the surgical site infection is uncontrolled despite proper treatment and administration in aesthetic rhinoplasty surgery.

Biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy according to nadir prostate specific antigen value.

The hypersensitive prostate specific antigen (PSA) test can measure in 0.01 ng/mL units, and its efficacy for screening after radical prostatectomy (RP) has been reported. In this study, we assessed patients who underwent RP to evaluate whether the nadir value affects biochemical recurrence (BCR).

Prognostic Value of Programmed Death Ligand-1 Expression on Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells in Patients Treated with Cisplatin-Based Combination Adjuvant Chemotherapy Following Radical Cystectomy for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: To investigate the prognostic value of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression in tumor-infiltrating immune cells (ICs) in men treated with adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) following radical cystectomy (RC) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 219 "high-risk" (≥pT3a and/or pN+) patients who underwent RC and received cisplatin-based AC for MIBC between March 2015 and September 2019. PD-L1 expression was measured using the VENTANA (SP-142) immunohistochemistry assay and categorized into the three groups according to the percentage of the tumor area covered by PD-L1 expression on ICs: IC0 (<1%), IC1 (≥1% and <5%), and IC2/3 (≥5%).

Cadaveric study of deep temporal fascia for autologous rhinoplasty grafts: Dimensions of the temporal compartment in Asians.

Background: Due to the anatomical complexity of the deep temporal fascia (DTF), practical guidelines for its safe harvest are lacking. However, since the upper temporal compartment (UTC) contains no vital structures, it may provide safe access for DTF harvest. This study aimed to identify the anatomical structures of the temporal compartment in Asian cadavers and to measure their dimensions to enable safe DTF harvest.

Deviated nose: Physiological and pathological changes of the nasal cavity.

Deviated nose is highly challenging in rhinoplasty since the surgeon should consider both aesthetic and functional aspects of the nose. Deviated nose correction is surgically complex, and a thorough understanding of the mechanical and physiological changes of intranasal structures, including the septum and turbinates, is necessary for functional improvement.

Radiologic Analysis of Malar Arch Movement in Reduction Malarplasty Without Bony Resection.

Background: Reduction malarplasty has been popular among Asians with a wide facial width. In general, malar setback after bony resection is regarded as the standard objective of reduction malarplasty. However, unnecessary bony resection may lead to various postoperative complications.

In Vitro and in Vivo Biocompatibility and Degradability Evaluation of Modified Polydioxanone Plate.

Background: Polydioxanone (PDS) has been widely used in the medical field over the past 30 years. In the 2000s, PDS plate began to be used for rhinoplasty and septoplasty. However, in Asia PDS plates are not widely used due to lack of awareness and high prices.

Surgical anatomy for Asian rhinoplasty: Part II.

Surgical anatomy for Asian rhinoplasty Part I reviewed layered anatomy with neurovascular system of the nose. Part II discusses upper two-thirds of nose which consists of nasal bony and cartilaginous structures. Nasal physiology is mentioned briefly since there are several key structures that are important in nasal function.