Size Matters: Predicting Surgical Site Infection After Whole Breast Radiotherapy in the Era of Hypofractionation.

: Few studies have analyzed surgical site infections associated with hypofractionated RT. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for surgical site infections with a particular focus on volumetric parameters that reflect the size of the volumes treated, including tumors, surgical cavities, and breasts. : A total of 145 early breast cancer patients who were surgically staged 0-II undergoing hypofractionated RT on the whole breast were retrospectively reviewed.

Gut Microbiota Metabolite Messengers in Brain Function and Pathology at a View of Cell Type-Based Receptor and Enzyme Reaction.

The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract houses a diverse microbial community, known as the gut microbiome comprising bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's equilibrium and has recently been discovered to influence the functioning of the central nervous system (CNS). The communication between the nervous system and the GI tract occurs through a two-way network called the gut-brain axis.

Vessel Wall Imaging in Angiogram-Negative Diffuse Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Reveals a Ruptured Lenticulostriate Aneurysm.

A patient presented with acute onset headache and subsequent unconsciousness. The neurologic exam showed left-sided myoclonic jerking and right flaccid hemiparalysis. Noncontrast computed tomography revealed diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with acute hydrocephalus.

Taste receptor type 1 member 3 is required for the fertility of male mice.

Male infertility is a global health concern. However, its underlying pathophysiology remains unclear. Taste receptor type 1 member 3 (TAS1R3) is highly expressed in the testes, indicating its potential involvement in male fertility.

Treatment-related cardiovascular events in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: Evidence from real-world data with a competing risks approach.

Background: Understanding cancer treatment-related cardiovascular (CV) events is important for cancer care; however, comprehensive evaluation of CV events in patients with lung cancer is limited. This study aimed to assess the cumulative incidence and associated risks of various CV event types in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: A total of 7868 individuals aged 40 years and older, recently diagnosed with NSCLC (2007-2018), were assessed with data obtained from the National Cancer Center, Korea.

Taste receptor type 1 member 3 regulates Western diet-induced male infertility.

Western diet (WD), characterized by a high intake of fats and sugary drinks, is a risk factor for male reproductive impairment. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this remain unclear. Taste receptor type 1 member 3 (TAS1R3), activated by ligands of WD, is highly expressed in extra-oral tissues, particularly in the testes.

Taste receptor type 1 member 3 enables western diet-induced anxiety in mice.

Background: Accumulating evidence supports that the Western diet (WD), a diet high in saturated fat and sugary drinks, contributes to the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders, which are the most prevalent mental disorders worldwide. However, the underlying mechanisms by which WD causes anxiety remain unclear. Abundant expression of taste receptor type 1 member 3 (TAS1R3) has been identified in the hypothalamus, a key brain area involved in sensing peripheral nutritional signals and regulating anxiety.

Taste receptor type 1 member 3 mediates diet-induced cognitive impairment in mice.

Aims: Long-term consumption of a western diet (WD), which is characterized by high intake of saturated fats and sugary drinks, causes cognitive impairment. However, the molecular mechanism by which WD induces cognitive impairment remains unclear. Taste receptor type 1 member 3 (TAS1R3), activated by ligands of WD, is expressed in extra-oral tissues, including the brain, and particularly in the hippocampus.

Gut taste receptor type 1 member 3 is an intrinsic regulator of Western diet-induced intestinal inflammation.

Background: Long-term intake of a Western diet (WD), characterized by a high-fat content and sugary drinks, is hypothesized to contribute to the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Despite the identified clinical association, the molecular mechanisms by which dietary changes contribute to IBD development remain unknown. Therefore, we examined the influence of long-term intake of a WD on intestinal inflammation and the mechanisms by which WD intake affects IBD development.

Erratum: A Study of the Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of DSM-5 Symptom Measure-Inattention and Anger for Parent and Guardian of Child Age 6 to 17.

[This corrects the article on p. 71 in vol. 32, PMID: 33828406.

Clinical Outcomes after Upfront Surgery in Clinical Stage I-IIA Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: Upfront surgery followed by systemic treatment is recommended to treat clinical stage I-IIA small cell lung cancer (SCLC), but data on the clinical outcomes are sparse. Thus, this study evaluated the stage migration and long-term prognosis of surgically treated clinical stage I-IIA SCLC.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 49 patients with clinical stage I-IIA SCLC who underwent upfront surgery between 2000 and 2020.

Isolation of a Melanoblast Stimulator from , Its Structural Modification, and Structure-Activity Relationships for Vitiligo.

A novel melanoblast stimulator () was isolated from . Its analogs were also synthesized to support a new furan-based melanoblast stimulator scaffold for treating vitiligo. Isolated 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF, ) is a well-known compound in the food industry.

Diaphragmatic Hernia with Stomach Rupture after Blunt Chest Trauma at a Short Interval: A Case Report.

Diaphragmatic hernias have been reported in 0.8%-1.6% of patients who experience blunt chest trauma.

Outcomes of Single-Incision Thoracoscopic Surgery Using the Spinal Needle Anchoring Technique for Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax.

Background: Although classical multi-port video-assisted thoracic surgery has been widely performed, single-incision thoracoscopic surgery (SITS) is a popular surgical technique for the treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP). However, the inconvenient alignment of instruments and the limited field of view occasionally make surgeons convert from SITS to multi-port surgery or extend the incision. This study aimed to present an easy and safe SITS technique for PSP using a spinal needle.

Isolation and Genomic Analysis of Single Circulating Tumor Cell Using Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase and Desmoglein-2.

As epithelial cells in the circulation are considered to originate from the tumor, the epithelial cell adhesion molecule has been commonly used as a standard marker for circulating tumor cells (CTCs) isolation. However, it seems to disappear after the epithelial-mesenchymal transition that most cancer cells undergo for intravasation. Thus, more advanced techniques for CTC detection are needed to better understand the clinical significance of CTCs.

Changes in Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second after Anatomical Lung Resection according to the Number of Segments.

Background: Although various methods are already used to calculate predicted postoperative forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV) based on preoperative FEV in lung surgery, the predicted postoperative FEV is not always the same as the actual postoperative FEV. Observed postoperative FEV values are usually the same or higher than the predicted postoperative FEV. To overcome this issue, we investigated the relationship between the number of resected lung segments and the discordance of preoperative and postoperative FEV values.

Electromagnetic Navigation Bronchoscopy-Guided Dye Marking for Localization of Pulmonary Nodules.

Background: Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB)-guided dye marking is a useful localization method for small pulmonary nodules. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of intraoperative full virtual ENB-guided dye marking.

Methods: Patients who underwent full virtual ENB-guided dye marking without adjunct intraoperative imaging (fluoroscopy or cone-beam computed tomography) for small pulmonary nodules were investigated retrospectively.

Life-Threatening Subglottic Stenosis of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis: A Case Report.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by necrotizing granulomatous inflammation. Subglottic stenosis, which is defined as narrowing of the airway below the vocal cords, has a frequency of 16-23% in GPA. Herein, we present the case of a 39-year-old woman with subglottic stenosis manifesting as life-threatening GPA, which was recurrent under systemic immunosuppressive therapy.

A Study of the Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of DSM-5 Symptom Measure-Inattention and Anger for Parent and Guardian of Child Age 6 to 17.

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the DSM-5 Level 2 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure-inattention [Swanson, Nolan and Pelham, version IV (SNAP-IV)] and anger [Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Anger] for parents and guardians of children aged 6-17 years.

Methods: We included 104 children and adolescents diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ADHD with anxiety and depression, depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and tic disorder with somatic symptoms (ADHD=41, depression=9, anxiety=14, ADHD+anxious depression=11, tic+somatic symptoms=29). Their ages ranged from 8 years to 15 years.

Recurrent Aortobronchial Fistula after Endovascular Stenting for Infected Pseudoaneurysm of the Proximal Descending Thoracic Aorta: Case Report.

Aortobronchial fistula (ABF) induced by an infected pseudoaneurysm of the thoracic aorta is a life-threatening condition. As surgical treatment is associated with significant mortality and morbidity, thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair (TEVAR) may be an alternative for the treatment of ABF. However, the long-term durability of this intervention is largely unknown and the recurrence of ABF is a potential complication.

A Case of Lymphocyte-Rich Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Patient Who Was Treated for Colon Cancer.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) primarily originates in the liver with hepatic differentiation. However, HCCs are not homogenous, and approximately 35% of HCC cases are classified as histopathological variants that present distinct pathologic characteristics. In particular, the lymphocyte-rich variant is the rarest subtype accounting for less than 1% of HCCs, which is not well known to date about molecular features and pathophysiology.

Neuroimaging-Based Deep Learning in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Deep learning (DL) is a kind of machine learning technique that uses artificial intelligence to identify the characteristics of given data and efficiently analyze large amounts of information to perform tasks such as classification and prediction. In the field of neuroimaging of neurodevelopmental disorders, various biomarkers for diagnosis, classification, prognosis prediction, and treatment response prediction have been examined; however, they have not been efficiently combined to produce meaningful results. DL can be applied to overcome these limitations and produce clinically helpful results.

The robotic thymectomy via the subxiphoid approach: technique and early outcomes.

Objectives: Robotic thymectomy via the subxiphoid approach (RTX) is a recently introduced surgical approach. This study aimed to report on the surgical technique and early outcomes of RTX in our institute.

Methods: RTX was performed using the 3-arm technique in the da Vinci robotic surgical system.

Synthetic Anion Transporters as Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress Inducers.

Cl-ion transporters (-) were synthesized based on the binding motifs of prodigiosin. Transporter clearly displays Cl-ion transportation activity across both model and live cell membranes. Furthermore, can disrupt Ca homeostasis and increase the intracellular concentration of Ca in the DLD-1 cell.