HIF-1α stabilization inhibits Japanese encephalitis virus propagation and neurotoxicity via autophagy pathways.

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a widespread flavivirus that induces brain inflammation and affects the central nervous system (CNS). Deferoxamine, an iron chelator, has shown promising results in stabilizing HIF-1α, a protein that improves hypoxic conditions, offers protective effects against neurological, and neurodegenerative diseases. This study aimed to assess the impact of HIF-1α stabilization during JEV infection using SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell lines as a model.

Methyl Gallate Suppresses Canine Mammary Gland Tumors by Inducing Apoptosis and Anti-angiogenesis.

Background/aim: Methyl gallate (MG), a plant phenolic compound, has known anticancer properties. However, its effects on canine mammary gland tumors (CMTs) are unclear. This study evaluated the impact of MG on cell viability, migration, and apoptosis in two CMT cell lines.

Synergistic Anti-Cancer Effects of ERB-041 and Genistein through Estrogen Receptor Suppression-Mediated PI3K/AKT Pathway Downregulation in Canine Mammary Gland Tumor Cells.

Canine-mammary-gland tumors (CMTs) are prevalent in female dogs, with approximately 50% of them being malignant and often presenting as inoperable owing to their size or metastasis. Owing to poor outcomes, effective alternatives to conventional chemotherapy for humans are necessary. Two estrogen receptors, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), which act in opposition to each other, are involved, and CMT growth involves ERα through the phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/AKT pathway.

Melatonin-mediated calcineurin inactivation attenuates amyloid beta-induced apoptosis.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The accumulation of amyloid beta-peptide is a neuropathological marker of AD. While melatonin is recognized to have protective effects on aging and neurodegenerative disorders, the therapeutic effect of melatonin on calcineurin in AD is poorly understood.

Melatonin inhibits Japanese encephalitis virus replication and neurotoxicity via calcineurin-autophagy pathways.

Background: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that has no specific treatment except for supportive medical care. JEV is a neurotropic virus that affects the nervous system and triggers inflammation in the brain.

Methods: Melatonin is used as a sleep-inducing agent in neurophysiology and may serve as a protective agent against neurological and neurodegenerative diseases.

Anti-cancer effect of palmatine through inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway in canine mammary gland tumor CMT-U27 cells.

Canine mammary gland tumors (CMTs) are the most common and lethal cancers in female dogs. Dysregulated phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/AKT pathway reportedly was involved in the growth and metastasis of CMTs. However, there are few studies on therapeutic strategies for targeting the PI3K pathway in CMTs.

An Antidepressant Drug Increased TRAIL Receptor-2 Expression and Sensitized Lung Cancer Cells to TRAIL-induced Apoptosis.

Background: TRAIL has emerged as a promising therapeutic target due to its ability to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells while sparing normal cells. Autophagy, a highly regulated cellular recycling mechanism, is known to play a cell survival role by providing a required environment for the cell. Recent studies suggest that autophagy plays a significant role in increasing TRAIL resistance in certain cancer cells.

Antiviral activity of prion protein against Japanese encephalitis virus infection in vitro and in vivo.

Flaviviruses are a major cause of viral diseases worldwide, for which effective treatments have yet to be discovered. The prion protein (PrPc) is abundantly expressed in brain cells and has been shown to play a variety of roles, including neuroprotection, cell homeostasis, and regulation of cellular signaling. However, it is still unclear whether PrPc can protect against flaviviruses.

Development and clinical evaluation of a quantitative fluorescent immunoassay for detecting canine CRP.

Canine C-reactive protein (cCRP) is one of the major positive acute phase proteins in dogs and is commonly measured to detect and monitor systemic inflammation as well as the efficacy of treatment. Traditional methods for testing cCPR, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), have some drawbacks, such as a long time for diagnosis and the requirement of well-equipped laboratories. Therefore, there is a need for a rapid and precise diagnostic test for cCRP at point-of-care.

Antitumor Effects of Esculetin, a Natural Coumarin Derivative, against Canine Mammary Gland Tumor Cells by Inducing Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis.

Mammary gland tumors are the most common neoplasms in female dogs, of which 50% are malignant. Esculetin, a coumarin derivative, reportedly induces death in different types of cancer cells. In this study, we explore the anticancer effects of esculetin against CMT-U27 and CF41.

Risk factors influencing swine influenza A virus infection in South Korea: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and seroprevalence.

The past and current burden of swine influenza A viruses (swIAV) must be estimated since pigs act as mixing vessels and are considered a potential source of newly emerging IAV variants. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to integrate data on the prevalence and seroprevalence of swIAV in South Korean domestic pigs and evaluate important risk factors that influence these outcomes. Eight databases were searched for studies that evaluated the prevalence and seroprevalence of swIAV in South Korean pigs using a specified search string; twenty-seven eligible studies were identified after application of a set of pre-determined inclusion criteria by three authors.

Methyl Gallate Suppresses Tumor Development by Increasing Activation of Caspase3 and Disrupting Tumor Angiogenesis in Melanoma.

Methyl gallate is a phenolic compound mainly found in medicinal plants. It has been reported to its anticancer activity in various tumors. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the antitumor effect of methyl gallate in the melanoma mouse model and B16F10 cells.

Fucoxanthin Exerts Anti-Tumor Activity on Canine Mammary Tumor Cells via Tumor Cell Apoptosis Induction and Angiogenesis Inhibition.

Fucoxanthin is a carotenoid derived from brown algae. It is known to exhibit anticancer activity, including the promotion of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in several tumors. However, it remains unclear whether fucoxanthin exhibits anticancer activity against mammary gland tumors.

Naringenin exerts anticancer effects by inducing tumor cell death and inhibiting angiogenesis in malignant melanoma.

Malignant melanoma is one of the most deadly skin cancer, due to its aggressive proliferation and metastasis. Naringenin, abundantly present in citrus fruits, has widely studied in cancer therapy. In this study, we investigated whether naringenin also has anticancer effects against B16F10 murine and SK-MEL-28 human melanoma cells.

Anti-inflammatory effects of natural flavonoid diosmetin in IL-4 and LPS-induced macrophage activation and atopic dermatitis model.

Diosmetin, a citrus flavonoid, has a variety of therapeutic properties such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, the effect of diosmetin on atopic dermatitis (AD) development has not been reported. This study thus aims to investigate whether diosmetin possesses inhibitory effects on AD development.

Inhibition of autophagy flux by sertraline attenuates TRAIL resistance in lung cancer via death receptor 5 upregulation.

Tumor necrosis factor‑related apoptosis‑inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a potential target for cancer therapy, owing to its ability to selectively kill cancer cells without causing significant toxicity to normal cells. However, due to the lack of death receptor expression, cancer cells can become highly resistant to TRAIL. Hence, it is vital to develop agents that restore TRAIL efficacy.

Angiopoietin-2 regulated by progesterone induces uterine vascular remodeling during pregnancy.

During pregnancy, the uterus undergoes intense neovascularization and vascular remodeling to supply oxygen and nutrients to the embryo. During this period, progesterone secreted from the ovary has effects on vascular remodeling in the endometrium and interacts with angiogenic factors. However, the exact mechanism of uterine vascular remodeling during pregnancy is poorly understood.

Diosmetin inhibits tumor development and block tumor angiogenesis in skin cancer.

Diosmetin is a natural flavonoid obtained from citrus fruits and some medicinal herbs. Previous studies have reported the anti-cancer activity of diosmetin in some types of tumors. However, it is still unclear whether diosmetin exerts anti-cancer effects, particularly anti-angiogenic effects, in skin cancer.

Cellular prion protein regulates the differentiation and function of adipocytes through autophagy flux.

The role of autophagy modulation in adipogenic differentiation and the possible autophagy modulators targeting adipogenesis remain unclear. In this study, we investigated whether normal cellular prion protein (PrP) is involved in the modulation of autophagy and affects adipogenic differentiation in vivo and in vitro. Surprisingly, autophagy flux signals were activated in the adipose tissue of prion protein-deficient mice and PrP-deleted 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Inhibition of Autophagy by Captopril Attenuates Prion Peptide-Mediated Neuronal Apoptosis via AMPK Activation.

Accumulation of prion protein (PrPc) into a protease-resistant form (PrPsc) in the brains of humans and animals affects the central nervous system. PrPsc occurs only in mammals with transmissible prion diseases. Prion protein refers to either the infectious pathogen itself or the main component of the pathogen.

Author Correction: Bisphosphonate enhances TRAIL sensitivity to human osteosarcoma cells via death receptor 5 upregulation.

After publication of this article, the authors noticed an error in the figure section.

Effect of herbal mixture composed of Alchemilla vulgaris and Mimosa on wound healing process.

Alchemilla vulgaris and Mimosa tenuiflora (Mimosa) have been used to treat cutaneous wounds as a traditional remedy due to their various biological activities. But, there are only a few studies about the effects of these herbs on wound healing. The purpose of this study is to investigate the wound healing effect of the herbal mixture, consisting of A.

Glipizide sensitizes lung cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis via Akt/mTOR/autophagy pathways.

The combination of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) with subsidiary agents is a promising anticancer strategy to conquer TRAIL resistance in malignant cells. Glipizide is a second-generation oral hypoglycemic medicine for the cure of type II diabetes because of its capability to selectively stimulate insulin secretion from β-cells. In this study, we revealed that glipizide could trigger TRAIL-mediated apoptotic cell death in human lung adenocarcinoma cells.

Baicalein inhibits tumor progression by inhibiting tumor cell growth and tumor angiogenesis.

Baicalein, a herbal medicine, is a natural flavonoid isolated from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. It is known for its anticancer, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Despite these well-known properties, it is not yet clear what effect baicalein has on tumor progression.

Fluid shear stress regulates vascular remodeling via VEGFR-3 activation, although independently of its ligand, VEGF-C, in the uterus during pregnancy.

Early pregnancy is characterized by an increase in the blood volume of the uterus for embryonic development, thereby exerting fluid shear stress (FSS) on the vascular walls. The uterus experiences vascular remodeling to accommodate the increased blood flow. The blood flow‑induced FSS elevates the expression of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their receptors, and regulates vascular remodeling through the activation of VEGF receptor-3 (VEGFR-3).