Optical properties and C ages of stream DOM from agricultural and forest watersheds during storms.

Forest and agricultural land use affects the concentration and composition of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in streams and rivers. To elucidate the impacts of forest and agricultural land use on stream DOC during storm events, we investigated DOC concentration ([DOC]), optical properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM), and ΔC-DOC in both forest- and agriculture-dominated headwater streams in South Korea in the summer of 2012. One forested and five agricultural streams were investigated.

Application of Lateral Approach for the Removal of Migrated Interbody Cage: Taphole and Fixing Technique.

When a revision surgery related with removal of failed interbody cage is required, going through the previous passage can lead to a higher risk of neurological deficits or incidental dural injuries. Recently, the lateral approach has become a popular method instead of the conventional anterior or posterior approaches. The lateral approach is also useful method to remove failed interbody cage previously placed and re-do interbody fusion with lower risks compared to revision surgery via previous passage.