Effects of 625 nm light-emitting diode irradiation on preventing ER stress-induced apoptosis via GSK-3β phosphorylation in MC3T3-E1.

Prolonged endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress contributes to cell apoptosis and interferes with bone homeostasis. Although photobiomodulation (PBM) might be used for ER stress-induced diseases, the role of PBM in relieving cell apoptosis remains unknown. During ER stress, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) is critical; however, its functions in PBM remain uncertain.

Effects of Red LED Irradiation in Enhancing the Mineralization of Human Dental Pulp Cells In Vitro.

Dentin regeneration is the preferred method used to preserve dental pulp vitality after pulp exposure due to caries. Red light-emitting diode irradiation (LEDI), which is based on photobiomodulation (PBM), has been used to promote hard-tissue regeneration. However, the underlying mechanism still needs elucidation.

625 nm Light Irradiation Prevented MC3T3-E1 Cells from Accumulation of Misfolded Proteins via ROS and ATP Production.

Osteoblasts must acquire a considerable capacity for folding unfolded and misfolded proteins (MPs) to produce large amounts of extracellular matrix proteins and maintain bone homeostasis. MP accumulation contributes to cellular apoptosis and bone disorders. Photobiomodulation therapy has been used to treat bone diseases, but the effects of decreasing MPs with photobiomodulation remain unclear.