Isolated recurrent metastatic pulmonary nodule from the kidney: An extraordinarily long interval.

Our case highlights the importance of follow-up. Previous meta-analysis has shown that patients with sub-centimetre nodules may have extended follow-up intervals before requiring intervention, unlike those with larger nodules exceeding 1 cm. However, referring to our case, we can see the importance of regular and dense follow-up.

A rare occurrence of paragonimiasis accompanied by cryptococcal pneumonia.

Pulmonary paragonimiasis may be accompanied by a rare infectious disease, such as cryptococcal pneumonia. To our knowledge, this is the first case ever reported in the English literature.

Calcifying fibrous tumour of the pleura without gross calcification.

Calcifying fibrous tumours of the pleura (CFTP) typically appear as calcified, non-enhancing lesions on chest CT scans. However, enhancing pleural lesions can mimic malignancy like mesothelioma. We report a rare case that enhancing pleural thickening, confirmed as CFTP through pathological examination, despite the absence of visible calcification on radiological imaging.

External validation of deep learning-based automated detection algorithm for chest radiograph: practical issues in outpatient clinic.

Background: There have been no reports on diagnostic performance of deep learning-based automated detection (DLAD) for thoracic diseases in real-world outpatient clinic.

Purpose: To validate DLAD for use at an outpatient clinic and analyze the interpretation time for chest radiographs.

Material And Methods: This is a retrospective single-center study.

Deep-learning-based gas identification by time-variant illumination of a single micro-LED-embedded gas sensor.

Electronic nose (e-nose) technology for selectively identifying a target gas through chemoresistive sensors has gained much attention for various applications, such as smart factory and personal health monitoring. To overcome the cross-reactivity problem of chemoresistive sensors to various gas species, herein, we propose a novel sensing strategy based on a single micro-LED (μLED)-embedded photoactivated (μLP) gas sensor, utilizing the time-variant illumination for identifying the species and concentrations of various target gases. A fast-changing pseudorandom voltage input is applied to the μLED to generate forced transient sensor responses.

NecroX Improves Polyhexamethylene Guanidine-induced Lung Injury by Regulating Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress.

Various environmental compounds are inducers of lung injury. Mitochondria are crucial organelles that can be affected by many lung diseases. NecroX is an indole-derived antioxidant that specifically targets mitochondria.

A Rare Case of Familial Schwannomatosis Showing Intrafamilial Variability with Identification of a Shared Novel Germline Mutation.

Schwannomatosis is characterized by the presence of multiple schwannomas without landmarks of NF2. It is considered the rarest form of neurofibromatosis (NF). Here, we report the first case of familial schwannomatosis with regard to the segmental/generalized phenotype, in which the proband and the daughter present a distinct phenotype in this classification.

Prevalence and comorbidities of bronchiolitis in adults: A population-based study in South Korea.

Bronchiolitis generally refers to inflammation and/or fibrosis of the non-cartilaginous small airways located approximately from the 8th airway generation down to the terminal and respiratory bronchioles. In contrast to young children, the frequency of small airway infection in adult bronchiolitis appears less frequent and a number of other pathophysiological conditions have been implicated in adult bronchiolitis. However, little information is available on the exact medical burden of bronchiolitis such as its prevalence and comorbidities in the adult population.

COPD is a risk factor for COVID-19, but does not confer increased severity of the disease.

Epidemiologic studies suggest that COPD is associated with an increased risk of poor outcome in patients with COVID-19, although they failed to demonstrate COPD as a risk factor for acquiring COVID-19. However, most data have come from a limited global population. In this nationwide cohort study based on the Korean national health insurance claims-based database, COPD is associated with increased risk for COVID-19 and having COPD does not seem to confer substantial risk for severe COVID-19 and mortality.

Roles of PI3K pan-inhibitors and PI3K-δ inhibitors in allergic lung inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Meta-analysis can be applied to study the effectiveness of the summary estimates for experimental papers, producing objective and unbiased results. We investigated the effects of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) on the inflammatory profile in allergic mouse models, which are currently under development in signal transduction materials. PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant literature using the search terms " PI3K inhibitor" and "allergy" or "asthma".

Epithelial PI3K-δ Promotes House Dust Mite-Induced Allergic Asthma in NLRP3 Inflammasome-Dependent and -Independent Manners.

Purpose: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-δ-dependent Akt activation is known to play critical roles in various immune responses of white blood cells in which PI3K-δ isoform is mostly expressed in contrast to the classes IA PI3Ks p110α and p110β. However, the immunological role of PI3K-δ isoform is still controversial in airway epithelium under house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic response. This study aimed to evaluate the role of PI3K-δ isoform in HDM-induced allergic responses, focusing on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in airway epithelium.

Defining Bronchial Asthma with Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Delta Activation: Towards Endotype-Driven Management.

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways play a critical role in orchestrating the chronic inflammation and the structural changes of the airways in patients with asthma. Recently, a great deal of progress has been made in developing selective and effective PI3K-targeted therapies on the basis of a vast amount of studies on the roles of specific PI3K isoforms and fine-tuned modulators of PI3Ks in a particular disease context. In particular, the pivotal roles of delta isoform of class I PI3Ks (PI3K-δ) in CD4-positive type 2 helper T cells-dominant disorders such as asthma have been consistently reported since the early investigations.

A Novel Insight on Endotyping Heterogeneous Severe Asthma Based on Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress: Beyond the "Type 2/Non-Type 2 Dichotomy".

Severe asthma is an extremely heterogeneous clinical syndrome in which diverse cellular and molecular pathobiologic mechanisms exist, namely endotypes. The current system for endotyping severe asthma is largely based on inflammatory cellular profiles and related pathways, namely the dichotomy of type 2 response (resulting in eosinophilic inflammation) and non-type 2 response (reinforcing non-eosinophilic inflammation involving neutrophils or less inflammatory cells), forming the basis of a development strategy for novel therapies. Although specific subgroups of type 2 severe asthma patients may derive benefit from modern precision medicine targeting type 2 cytokines, there is no approved and effective therapeutic agent for non-type 2 severe asthma, which comprises nearly 50% of all asthma patients.

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase-delta could be a biomarker for eosinophilic nasal polyps.

Nasal polyps (NP) cause diverse clinical symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Chronic inflammation of sinonasal mucosa is known to be crucial in NP formation. We aimed to define the implications of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-δ in nasal inflammation associated with NP by analyzing NP tissue obtained from CRS patients.

Airway epithelial phosphoinositide 3-kinase-δ contributes to the modulation of fungi-induced innate immune response.

Background: Respiratory fungal exposure is known to be associated with severe allergic lung inflammation. Airway epithelium is an essential controller of allergic inflammation. An innate immune recognition receptor, nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin-domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)-δ in airway epithelium are involved in various inflammatory processes.