Two-year efficacy of SNK01 plus pembrolizumab for non-small cell lung cancer: Expanded observations from a phase I/IIa randomized controlled trial.

Background: A previous trial showed that autologous ex-vivo expanded NK cell (SNK01) treatment combined with pembrolizumab showed better efficacy than pembrolizumab monotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study was a 2-year follow-up of that previous study to determine the long-term efficacy of the combination treatment.

Methods: This trial included 20 patients with advanced NSCLC with a PD-L1 tumor proportion score of 1% or greater who failed prior to front-line platinum-based therapy.

Clinical application of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in progressive hemifacial atrophy (Parry-Romberg disease) with microfat grafting techniques using 3-dimensional computed tomography and 3-dimensional camera.

Background: Parry-Romberg disease is a rare condition that results in progressive hemifacial atrophy, involving the skin, dermis, subcutaneous fat, muscle, and, finally, cartilage and bone. Patients have been treated with dermofat or fat grafts or by microvascular free flap transfer. We hypothesized that adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) may improve the results of microfat grafting through enhancing angiogenesis.

Ionizing radiation induces astrocyte gliosis through microglia activation.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of microglia in radiation-induced astrocyte gliosis. We found that a single dose of 15 Gy radiation to a whole rat brain increased immunostaining of glial fibrillary acidic protein in astrocytes 6 h later, and even more so 24 h later, indicating the initiation of gliosis. While irradiation of cultured rat astrocytes had little effect, irradiation of microglia-astrocyte mixed-cultures displayed altered astrocyte phenotype into more processed, which is another characteristic of gliosis.

Presence of translation elongation factor-1A (eEF1A) in the excitatory postsynaptic density of rat cerebral cortex.

The postsynaptic density (PSD) is a proteinaceous cellular structure that is specialized for postsynaptic signal transduction. Here, we show that eukaryotic translation factor-1A (eEF1A; formerly known as eEF-1alpha) is associated with the excitatory PSD in rat forebrain. Immunoblot analysis showed that eEF1A in the PSD fraction is enriched over homogenate.

Presence of translation elongation factor-1A in the rat cerebellar postsynaptic density.

This study examined a 55 kDa protein in the rat cerebellar postsynaptic density (PSD) fraction. The amino acid sequence of an HPLC-purified peptide derived from tryptic digestion of the protein was contained in eukaryotic translation elongation factor-1A (eEF1A, formerly known as eEF-1alpha). Immunoblot analysis showed that eEF1A is enriched in the PSD fraction and is tightly associated with the PSD 'core'.

LY294002 inhibits interferon-gamma-stimulated inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in BV2 microglial cells.

The current study examined the potential involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3 phosphate kinase (PI3K) in interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) generation in BV2 murine microglial cells. We found that LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, markedly reduced IFN-gamma-induced morphological changes, NO production, and cell death. The inhibitory effect of LY294002 on NO generation may be mediated through specific inhibition of signal transducer and activator-1 (STAT1) and NF-kappaB, which are activated by IFN-gamma.

Nonspecific association of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase with the rat forebrain postsynaptic density fraction.

The 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNP), a protein of unknown function in vivo, is abundantly expressed in myelinating glia in two isoforms, CNP1 and CNP2. In this study, immunoblot analysis showed that CNP1 is the major isoform in adult forebrain, and that both isoforms are included in the postsynaptic density (PSD) fraction and tyrosine-phosphorylated at the basal level. However, subcellular distribution and detergent extraction data showed that CNP is nonspecifically associated with the PSD fraction.

2', 3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase is expressed in dissociated rat cerebellar cells and included in the postsynaptic density fraction.

We have shown by protein sequencing that the phosphotyrosine-containing 48 kDa protein band of the rat cerebellar postsynaptic density fraction (CBL-PSD) is 2', 3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase 2 (CNP2). Immunoblot analysis indicated that both CNP1 and CNP2 isoforms are present in the CBL-PSD fraction, whereas there is little CNP2 in the forebrain (FB)-PSD fraction. Both isoforms in the CBL-PSD fraction were tyrosine-phosphorylated to a basal extent.

Effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on the expression of synaptic proteins in dissociated rat cortical cells.

We investigated the effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on the expression of synaptic proteins in dissociated E18 rat cortical cells. TCDD (0-50 nM) was added to plating media, and cell viability and expression of synaptic proteins were assayed on 4 and 7 days in vitro (DIV), respectively. TCDD had no apparent effect on early neurite outgrowth 12 h after plating.