Appropriate protein intake is one strategy in the management of metabolic syndrome in Korean elderly to mitigate changes in body composition.

Higher protein intake could reduce metabolic syndrome (MetS) by managing body composition among Korean elderly although the research is scant. Herein, we examined the hypothesis that the optimal protein intake of Korean elderly is associated with both improvements in MetS risk as well as favorable changes in body composition. The present study employs a national data source, the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2009), and a total 1,567 elderly (651 men and 916 women) were included in the final data analyses.

The most effective factors to offset sarcopenia and obesity in the older Korean: Physical activity, vitamin D, and protein intake.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the types and levels of physical activity in conjunction with protein intake and vitamin D on sarcopenia and obesity status in an elderly population.

Methods: Study participants (N = 4452) were ages ≥60 y and included 1929 men and 2523 women who completed a body composition analysis with a dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and provided health and dietary data.

Results: Higher appendicular skeletal muscle mass/weight was observed in the non-obese group, although obese participants had greater weights.

Can nutrition label recognition or usage affect nutrition intake according to age?

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the use of nutrition labeling on nutritional intake according to age groups, focusing on Korean elderly.

Methods: Study participants (N = 5223) were adults at least 20 y of age and had participated in the Korean National Health Examination and Nutrition Survey in 2012. Data for recognition/use of nutrition labels were obtained by self-report.

Impact of dining out on nutritional intake and metabolic syndrome risk factors: data from the 2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

The frequency of dining out has rapidly increased; however, the independent associations between dining out, metabolic syndrome risk factors and nutritional status have not been well characterised. The aim of the present study was to investigate the associations between dining out, nutritional intakes and metabolic syndrome risk factors among Korean adults, using data from the 2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Frequency of dining out was significantly associated with intake of nutrients such as energy, water, protein, fat, carbohydrate, Ca, Na, vitamin A and carotene.

Body composition changes were related to nutrient intakes in elderly men but elderly women had a higher prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in a population of Korean adults.

In this study, we examined the relationship between sarcopenic obesity (SO) and nutrition status, according to sex in Korean adults who were 60 years or older. Body composition was categorized as SO, sarcopenic nonobesity, nonsarcopenic obesity, and nonsarcopenic nonobesity. Obesity was defined by body mass index.

Dietary pattern classifications with nutrient intake and body composition changes in Korean elderly.

Background/objectives: The body composition changes in aging increased the risk of metabolic disorder. Recent dietary studies have increasingly focused on the correlations between dietary patterns and chronic diseases to overcome the limitations of traditional single-nutrient studies because nutrients in food have complex relations that interact.

Subjects/methods: This study was conducted to classify a dietary pattern among Korean elderly using cluster analysis and to explore the relationships between dietary patterns and body composition changes in Korean elderly aged 65 years or older.

Applying the Health Belief Model to college students' health behavior.

The purpose of this research was to investigate how university students' nutrition beliefs influence their health behavioral intention. This study used an online survey engine (Qulatrics.com) to collect data from college students.

A newly synthesized, potent tyrosinase inhibitor: 5-(6-hydroxy-2-naphthyl)-1,2,3-benzenetriol.

In searching for new agents with a depigmenting effect, we synthesized a derivative of resveratrol, 5-(6-hydroxy-2-naphthyl)-1,2,3-benzenetriol (5HNB) with a potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity. 5HNB inhibited mushroom tyrosinase with an IC(50) value of 2.95 microM, which is more potent than the well-known anti-tyrosinase activity of kojic acid (IC(50)=38.

5-Hydroxytrytophan inhibits tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative damage via the suppression of reactive species (RS) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation on human fibroblast.

5-Hydroxytryptophan (5HTP), an analogue of tryptophan, is a precursor of serotonin that also has effective antioxidative and anti-apoptotic properties (1) . However, the cellular mechanisms underlying these properties of 5HTP have not been explored. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that 5HTP exerts its antioxidative action against oxidative stress and inflammation by suppressing the activation of the key pro-inflammatory transcriptional pathways, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB).

Modulation of age-related NF-kappaB activation by dietary zingerone via MAPK pathway.

Zingerone, a major component found in ginger root, has been known as anti-mutagenic and anti-carcinogenic activities that are often associated with its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. In recent studies, we examined molecular mechanism of zingerone treatment on pro-inflammatory NF-kappaB activation via the redox-related NIK/IKK and MAPK pathways. Action mechanism of zingerone on NF-kappaB signaling was investigated in aged rat kidney and endothelial cells.

Antimelanogenic activity of 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone: inhibition of tyrosinase and MITF.

3,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone (3,4-DHAP) was evaluated for antimelanogenic activity. The tyrosinase inhibitory action by 3,4-DHAP using mushroom tyrosinase revealed a strong inhibitory effect. To further explore this matter, inhibition of tyrosinase and melanin content was measured in B16 melanoma cells (B16 cells).

Anti-inflammatory action of dietary fish oil and calorie restriction.

Inflammation, inflammatory mediators, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) are all influenced by age-related oxidative status. To investigate the effect of dietary fish oil (FO) and calorie restriction (CR) on oxidative stress-related inflammatory status with age, (NZB/NZW) F1 (B/W) mice were fed for 4 and 9 months either ad libitum or calorie-restricted (60% of ad libitum intake) diets containing 5% corn oil or 5% FO. We measured several key oxidative and inflammatory markers: TBARS, xanthine oxidase (XOD)-derived superoxide generation, and PGE2 and LTB4 production.

Inhibition of melanogenic activity by 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl in melanoma cells.

In our previous study, we showed that 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl (44'-BP) reduced melanin content via the inhibition of tyrosinase. In the current study, we utilized 44'-BP treated B16 melanoma cells (B16 cells) to measure several key cellular parameters known to be involved in melanogenic activity. Included in these measurements were tyrosinase and microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF) protein levels, cyclic AMP levels, protein kinase A (PKA) activation, and reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels.

4,4'-Dihydroxybiphenyl as a new potent tyrosinase inhibitor.

The color of mammalian skin is determined by many factors, for which visible ones are the degree and distribution of melanin pigmentation. Because tyrosinase, (polyphenol oxidase) is the key enzyme for melanin biosynthesis, the use of various tyrosinase inhibitors is a common practice for whitening purpose in cosmetics. In the present study, the inhibition of tyrosinase by 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl (44'-BP) was investigated.

Inhibition of tyrosinase by protocatechuic aldehyde.

The purpose of this study was to determine the inhibitory action of protocatechuic aldehyde (PCA) on tyrosinase activity. PCA is one of the compounds found in the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Our study documented that PCA has a potent inhibitory effect on tyrosinase, which catalyzes the rate-limiting step of melanin biosynthesis.

Peroxynitrite scavenging activity of indole derivatives: interaction of indoles with peroxynitrite.

One of the products of nitrogen-derived free radicals, peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), is formed by the reaction of superoxide anion (O(2)(*-)) with nitric oxide (NO). ONOO(-) can cause damage to proteins and DNA through nitration. In particular, proteins and their constituent amino acids have been proven to be extremely sensitive to ONOO(-).

Age-related changes in redox status of rat serum.

Aging and age-related diseases are known to be associated with increased oxidative stress. To protect against the deleterious effects of oxidative stress, a well-co-ordinated network of enzymatic and nonenzymatic anti-oxidant defense systems is essential. In the present study, we investigated the age-related redox status of serum by analyzing hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, superoxide-scavenging abilities, and other redox markers.

The structure-activity relationship of flavonoids as scavengers of peroxynitrite.

Peroxynitrite is a cytotoxic intermediate produced by the reaction between a superoxide anion radical and nitric oxide. The scavenging activities of flavonoids on peroxynitrite were investigated to illustrate the structure-activity relationship. Peroxynitrite was scavenged by the presence of various flavonoids, whose structures seem to be closely related to the degree of scavenging.