Developmental trajectory of unconventional T cells of the cynomolgus macaque thymus.

As nonhuman primates are immunologically the closest model to humans, a comprehensive understanding of T-cell development in these species is crucial. However, the differentiation pathways in which thymocytes participate, along with their heterogeneity, remain poorly characterized. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we thoroughly profiled the development of various T-cell lineages in the juvenile cynomolgus monkey thymus, identifying and characterizing 12 distinct thymic cell states or types.

Antitumor activity of afatinib in EGFR T790M-negative human oral cancer therapeutically targets mTOR/Mcl-1 signaling axis.

Purpose: This study investigates the role and effectiveness of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) in oral cancer, focusing on the clinical relevance of EGFR and myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) in head and neck cancers (HNCs). It aims to explore the molecular mechanism of afatinib, a TKI, in treating human oral cancer.

Methods: We conducted an in silico analysis using databases like The Cancer Genome Atlas, Gene Expression Omnibus, and Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium, along with immunohistochemistry staining, to study EGFR and Mcl-1 expression in HNCs.

Prognostic DNA mutation and mRNA expression analysis of perineural invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

This study analyzed oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) genomes and transcriptomes in relation to perineural invasion (PNI) and prognosis using Cancer Genome Atlas data and validated these results with GSE41613 data. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were conducted. We identified 22 DNA mutations associated with both overall survival (OS) and PNI.

Erratum: Contralateral Transverse Sinus Occlusion After Treatment of Transverse-Sigmoid Sinus Dural Arteriovenous Fistula: A Case Report.

[This corrects the article on p. 104 in vol. 18, PMID: 35557632.

IL-4/IL-4 Ab complex enhances the accumulation of both antigen-specific and bystander CD8 T cells in mouse lungs infected with influenza A virus.

Background: Unlike conventional T cells, innate and virtual-memory CD8 T cells in naïve mice acquire their memory phenotypes and functions in the absence of antigenic encounters in a cytokine-dependent manner. The relevant cytokines include interleukin-4 (IL-4), type I interferon, and interleukin-15 (IL-15). Moreover, exogenous IL-4 can also induce de novo generation and/or expansion of the virtual-memory CD8 T cell population.

Prevention of severe lung immunopathology associated with influenza infection through adeno-associated virus vector administration.

Background: Influenza A viruses (IAVs) have long posed a threat to humans, occasionally causing significant morbidity and mortality. The initial immune response is triggered by infected epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages and dendritic cells. However, an exaggerated innate immune response can result in severe lung injury and even host mortality.

Neuropilin-2 acts a critical determinant for epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and aggressive behaviors of human head and neck cancer.

Purpose: Neuropilin-2 (NRP2) is a multifunctional single-pass transmembrane receptor that binds to two disparate ligands, namely, vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and semaphorins (SEMAs). It is reportedly involved in neuronal and vascular development. In this study, we uncovered the exact functional role of NRP2 and its molecular mechanism during aggressive behaviors and lymph node (LN) metastasis in human head and neck cancer (HNC) and identified algal methanol extract as a potential novel NRP2 inhibitor.

CD1b glycoprotein, a crucial marker of thymocyte development during T cell maturation in cynomolgus monkeys.

Phenotypic markers that denote different developmental stages of thymocytes are important for understanding T cell development in the thymus. Here, we show that CD1b is a critical discriminator of thymocyte maturation stage in cynomolgus monkeys. CD1b was expressed by immature thymocytes prior to β-selection, and its expression decreased as cells became fully mature in the thymus.

[Endovascular Treatment for Head and Neck Trauma].

Trauma to the head and neck region can have serious consequences for vital organs such as the brain, and injuries to blood vessels can cause permanent neurological damage or even death. Thus, prompt treatment of head and neck vessels is crucial. Although the level of evidence is moderate, an increasing amount of research indicates that endovascular treatments can be a viable alternative to traditional surgery or medical management.

Dental students' perception of their educational environment in relation to their satisfaction with dentistry major: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Students' perception of their educational environment and satisfaction with their major can reveal the extent of their readiness to practice their profession after graduation. This study aimed to evaluate dental students' perception of their educational environment and satisfaction with their major in dentistry, as well as the relationship between these two factors.

Methods: An online survey was conducted in 2022 among first- to fourth-year students across 11 dental schools in Korea.

Prognostic Genomic Markers of Pathological Stage in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background: To identify the prognostic markers of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the genetic heterogeneity of the pathological stages was investigated.

Methods: The data of 295 patients with primary OSCC obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas were studied. The genetic prognostic landscape of the pathological stages was systematically analyzed by Cox regressions, Fisher's exact tests, and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment.

Comparing carotid endarterectomy and carotid artery stenting: retrospective single-center analysis.

Background: Extracranial cerebrovascular diseases represent approximately 20% of ischemic stroke cases. Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) was the gold standard procedure for carotid artery stenosis treatment until the introduction of carotid artery stenting (CAS) in the 1980s. While there have been several multicenter randomized trials comparing CEA and CAS, a more efficacious procedure has not been conclusively distinguished.

The Addition of ROTEM Parameter Did Not Significantly Improve the Massive Transfusion Prediction in Severe Trauma Patients.

Background: Rotational thrombelastometry (ROTEM) has been used to evaluate the coagulation state, predict transfusion, and optimize hemostatic management in trauma patients. However, there were limited studies on whether the prediction value could be improved by adding the ROTEM parameter to the prediction model for in-hospital mortality and massive transfusion (MT) in trauma patients.

Objective: This study assessed whether ROTEM data could improve the MT prediction model.

Stacking ensemble learning model to predict 6-month mortality in ischemic stroke patients.

Patients with acute ischemic stroke can benefit from reperfusion therapy. Nevertheless, there are gray areas where initiation of reperfusion therapy is neither supported nor contraindicated by the current practice guidelines. In these situations, a prediction model for mortality can be beneficial in decision-making.

Reappraisal of tubulopapillary hidradenoma-like tumor of the mandible: Suggested change in nomenclature to reflect tumor origin.

Several cases of intraosseous mandibular tumors have been reported under the name "tubulopapillary hidradenoma-like tumor of the mandible (TPHLTM)." However, the intraosseous occurrence of sweat gland tumors needs to be reappraised. The aim of this review was to propose a new name for these tumors to reflect the possible tumor origin.

Heterogeneity of circulating CD4CD8 double-positive T cells characterized by scRNA-seq analysis and trajectory inference.

The frequency of CD4CD8 double-positive (DP) T cells is highly associated with a variety of diseases. Recently, we used high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing to show that circulating DP T cells in cynomolgus monkeys comprise nine heterogeneous populations. To better understand the characteristics of DP T cells, we analyzed 7601 cells from a rhesus monkey and detected 14,459 genes.

Careful neurologic examination and treatment for intracranial hemorrhage after liver transplantation in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis: case reports.

Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) following liver transplantation is a potentially devastating complication. Although hypertension and thrombocytopenia are well-known risk factors for ICH in the general population, their roles in ICH after liver transplantation have not been well established. ICH occurred in two patients with alcoholic cirrhosis after deceased donor liver transplantation.

Conversational Artificial Intelligence for Spinal Pain Questionnaire: Validation and User Satisfaction.

Objective: The purpose of our study is to develop a spoken dialogue system (SDS) for pain questionnaire in patients with spinal disease. We evaluate user satisfaction and validated the performance accuracy of the SDS in medical staff and patients.

Methods: The SDS was developed to investigate pain and related psychological issues in patients with spinal diseases based on the pain questionnaire protocol.

Contralateral Transverse Sinus Occlusion After Treatment of Transverse-Sigmoid Sinus Dural Arteriovenous Fistula: A Case Report.

A dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) is a pathologic arteriovenous shunt located within the dural wall of a venous sinus. In addition, DAVFs are associated with sinus thrombosis. Consequently, sinus occlusion may occur near DAVF lesions, making treatment challenging.