A new histopathological location of parathyroid gland with high possibility of unintended parathyroidectomy.

Background: Unintended parathyroidectomy occasionally happens despite meticulous capsular dissection and the histopathological location of removed parathyroid glands were traditionally classified as extracapsular, subcapsular, and intrathyroidal location. This study aimed to investigate the new histopathological location of parathyroid gland with high possibility of unintended parathyroidectomy that was difficult to be found with naked eye despite capsular dissection.

Methods: This study investigated unintended parathyroidectomy that occurred in 743 patients who received thyroid surgery by reviewing pathology reports and slides.

Enhancing Craniofacial Bone Reconstruction with Clinically Applicable 3D Bioprinted Constructs.

Medical imaging and 3D bioprinting can be used to create patient-specific bone scaffolds with complex shapes and controlled inner architectures. This study investigated the effectiveness of a biomimetic approach to scaffold design by employing geometric control. The biomimetic scaffold with a dense external layer showed improved bone regeneration compared to the control scaffold.

Predictors of Early and Late Response to Esomezol and Lifestyle Modification in Adults With Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease: A Prospective, Multicenter, Open-Label Cohort Study.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess predictors of the response to varying durations of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and lifestyle modification treatment for laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD).

Methods: Between October 2014 and June 2016, a prospective, multicenter, open-label, single-cohort, intention-to-treat, observational study was conducted at eight referral hospitals across the Republic of Korea to examine predictors of early and late response to treatment in adult patients (age ≥19 years) with LPRD. Participants underwent standard treatment (PPI [Esomezol] and lifestyle modification) for 3 months.

Synergistic stimulation of surface topography and biphasic electric current promotes muscle regeneration.

Developing a universal culture platform that manipulates cell fate is one of the most important tasks in the investigation of the role of the cellular microenvironment. This study focuses on the application of topographical and electrical field stimuli to human myogenic precursor cell (hMPC) cultures to assess the influences of the adherent direction, proliferation, and differentiation, and induce preconditioning-induced therapeutic benefits. First, a topographical surface of commercially available culture dishes was achieved by femtosecond laser texturing.

Care and Management of Voice Change in Thyroid Surgery: Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics Clinical Practice Guideline.

Voice change is a common complaint after thyroid surgery and has a significant impact on quality of life. The Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics assembled a task force to establish guideline recommendations on education, care, and management related to thyroid surgery. The guideline recommendations encompass preoperative voice education, management of anticipated voice change during surgery, and comprehensive voice care after thyroid surgery, and include in-depth information and up-to-date knowledge based on validated literature.

Non-invasive in vivo monitoring of transplanted stem cells in 3D-bioprinted constructs using near-infrared fluorescent imaging.

Cell-based tissue engineering strategies have been widely established. However, the contributions of the transplanted cells within the tissue-engineered scaffolds to the process of tissue regeneration remain poorly understood. Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging systems have great potential to non-invasively monitor the transplanted cell-based tissue constructs.

Cigarette Smoke Extract Stimulates MMP-2 Production in Nasal Fibroblasts via ROS/PI3K, Akt, and NF-κB Signaling Pathways.

Cigarette smoke exposure has been shown to be associated with chronic rhinosinusitis and tissue remodeling. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) production in nasal fibroblasts and to determine the underlying molecular mechanisms. Primary nasal fibroblasts from six patients were isolated and cultured.

NIR fluorescence for monitoring in vivo scaffold degradation along with stem cell tracking in bone tissue engineering.

Stem cell-based tissue engineering has the potential to use as an alternative for autologous tissue grafts; however, the contribution of the scaffold degradation along with the transplanted stem cells to in vivo tissue regeneration remains poorly understood. Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging has great potential to monitor implants while avoiding autofluorescence from the adjacent host tissue. To utilize NIR imaging for in vivo monitoring of scaffold degradation and cell tracking, we synthesized 800-nm emitting NIR-conjugated PCL-ran-PLLA-ran-PGA (ZW-PCLG) copolymers with three different degradation rates and labeled 700-nm emitting lipophilic pentamethine (CTNF127) on the human placental stem cells (CT-PSCs).

The Utility of Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Examination Versus Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography in the Detection of Second Primary Lesions in Korean Patients With Head and Neck Cancer.

Objective: Head and neck cancer often accompany a synchronous secondary primary lesion in the digestive tract. The aim of this study was to compare detection rates between positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (G-fiber) or colonoscopy (C-fiber) in the initial staging and to analyze risk factors for premalignant, malignant, and total synchronous secondary primary lesions.

Methods: A total of 739 patients with head and neck cancer who underwent PET-CT, G-fiber, or C-fiber were analyzed retrospectively.

Assessment of Chronological Volume Changes in Radial Forearm Free Flaps for Tongue Cancer.

Objective: The radial forearm free flap (RFFF) is a commonly used free flap for tongue cancer. Postoperative changes in the volume of free flap are known to influence the functional restoration of the resected tongue. This study aimed to estimate chronological volume changes in RFFFs for tongue cancer and to determine the clinical factors affecting these changes.

Clinical Analysis of Pediatric Thyroid Cancer: A Single Medical Institution Experience of 18 Years.

Objective: The incidence of pediatric thyroid cancer is relatively low compared to the disease in adults. This study aims to present the data in our institution on pediatric thyroid cancer patients, with particular emphasis on the risk factors of recurrence together with treatment outcomes.

Subjects And Methods: Between January 2000 and July 2018, patients <20 years who were diagnosed with thyroid carcinoma and primarily treated with surgery at a major large-volume tertiary medical center specializing in thyroid cancer were enrolled.

Objective Assessment of Postoperative Swallowing Difficulty Through Ultrasound in Patients Undergoing Thyroidectomy.

Swallowing discomfort is a common postoperative complaint in patients undergoing thyroidectomy. Contraction of the strap muscles might cause resistance to elevation of the laryngotracheal unit, and downward movement of the laryngotracheal unit may lead to swallowing discomfort. However, few studies have evaluated the mechanism related to limited laryngotracheal elevation after thyroidectomy.

Guidelines for the Surgical Management of Oral Cancer: Korean Society of Thyroid-Head and Neck Surgery.

Korean Society of Thyroid-Head and Neck Surgery appointed a Task Force to provide guidance on the implementation of a surgical treatment of oral cancer. MEDLINE databases were searched for articles on subjects related to "surgical management of oral cancer" published in English. Results were restricted to systematic reviews, randomized control trials/controlled clinical trials, and observational studies.

Anti-cancer effects of disulfiram in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma via autophagic cell death.

Background: Disulfiram (DSF), which is used to treat alcohol dependence, has been reported to have anti-cancer effects in various malignant tumors. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer effects and mechanism of DSF in HNSCC.

Methods: Head and neck squamous carcinoma cell lines (FaDu and Hep2) were used to analyze the anti-cancer effects of DSF.

Chronic sinusitis in head and neck cancer patients who received radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the status of paranasal sinus and to identify risk factors associated with the development of chronic sinusitis based on imaging studies in head and neck cancer patients.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 186 patients who were diagnosed with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma at Korea University Guro Hospital from February 2003 to July 2015. Only patients with at least 1 year of follow-up after treatment were included.

Clinicopathological significance of cancer-associated fibroblasts in papillary thyroid carcinoma: a predictive marker of cervical lymph node metastasis.

Purpose: Most tumors have obvious biologically active fibroblasts known variously as myofibroblasts or cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the stroma. CAFs have been known as an important factor of cancer invasion and metastasis. This study aimed to investigate the presence of CAFs in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and evaluate the correlation between CAFs and cervical lymph node (LN) metastasis in PTC through immunohistochemistry.

Extranodal involvement of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the head and neck: An indicator of good prognosis.

Objective: In this study, we analyzed clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes according to extranodal involvement of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in the head and neck.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 110 patients from 2004 to 2014 with CD20-positive DLBCL involving the head and neck area. Patients were categorized into two groups, extranodal and nodal, according to involvement of extranodal sites in the head and neck.

Comparison of functional outcomes after total thyroidectomy and completion thyroidectomy: Hypoparathyroidism and postoperative complications.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate differences in functional outcomes of postoperative complications and hypoparathyroidism between patients who underwent completion thyroidectomy (CT) after thyroid lobectomy or total thyroidectomy (TT) as an initial treatment.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the differences of functional outcomes after completion thyroidectomy and total thyroidectomy without lymph node dissection. We reviewed the medical records of 396 patients who underwent CT or TT for thyroid disease at Korea University Guro Hospital from March 2002 to August 2016.

Changes in Voice- and Swallowing-Related Symptoms After Thyroidectomy: One-Year Follow-Up Study.

Objective: We analyzed the changes in voice- and swallowing-related symptoms that occurred over time in patients who underwent thyroidectomy and identified any associated risk factors.

Methods: One hundred and three patients who underwent thyroidectomy were enrolled.

Results: The mean thyroidectomy voice-related questionnaire (TVQ) score before surgery was 12.

Clinical implications of pathologic factors after thyroid lobectomy in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Objective: We evaluated the clinical and prognostic significance of pathologic factors by analyzing the treatment results of patients who underwent thyroid lobectomy.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 734 patients diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer who underwent thyroid lobectomy at Korea University Hospital from January 2004 to December 2016.

Results: A total of 734 patients were included in the study and their mean age was 44.

Endoscopic sentinel lymph node biopsy using indocyanine green-neomannosyl human serum albumin.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of endoscopic sentinel lymph node biopsy of the head and neck region using indocyanine green-neomannosyl human serum albumin (ICG:MSA) and a custom-made intraoperative color-and-fluorescence-merged imaging system (ICFIS).

Methods: Using mouse and rabbit models of tongue cancer, we performed sentinel lymph node biopsy using an ICG:MSA tracer and custom imaging system equipped with an endoscope.

Results: ICG:MSA was localized to the cervical lymph node on the ipsilateral side for up to 30 minutes compared to ICG tracer (ICG n = 3, IGC:MSA n = 3).

A prognostic scoring system using inflammatory response biomarkers in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma patients who underwent surgery-based treatment.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a scoring system based on the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio for predicting disease-specific survival of oral cancer patients treated by surgery.

Methods: From January 2007 to December 2016, we retrospectively analyzed data from 69 oral cancer patients who received surgery.

Results: Lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio was significantly associated with T classification, N classification, and pathologic stage.

Overexpression of PD-L2 is associated with shorter relapse-free survival in patients with malignant salivary gland tumors.

Objectives: PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 have been investigated and are thought to play an important role in tumor evasion. This study aimed to investigate expression patterns of immune-related molecules, and their clinical impacts in malignant salivary gland tumors.

Patients And Methods: We performed immunohistochemical staining for PD-L1, PD-L2, CTLA-4, PD-1, and CD8 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in 70 malignant salivary gland tumors.

Efficiency of intraoperative neuromonitoring on voice outcomes after thyroid surgery.

Objective: Voice disturbance is an important problem after thyroidectomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) in reducing early phonation change by comparing postoperative voice outcomes.

Methods: The study retrospectively enrolled 68 consecutive female patients who had undergone IONM thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma occurring between January 2014 and November 2014.