Comparison of Early Enteral Nutrition Versus Early Parenteral Nutrition in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Nutritional support is crucial in critically ill patients to enhance recovery, reduce infections, and improve outcomes. This meta-analysis compared early enteral nutrition (EEN) and early parenteral nutrition (EPN) to evaluate their efficacy in adult critically ill patients.

Methods: A systematic review of 14 studies involving 7618 patients was conducted, including randomized controlled trials, prospective cohorts, and retrospective analyses.

Utility of arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide gradient as a severity index in critical care.

Background: The arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide gradient (P [a-Et] CO) reveals the ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) status of critically ill patients. V/Q mismatch has several causes and affects the clinical outcomes of critically ill patients. We investigated the relationship between P (a-Et) CO and the clinical outcomes in critically ill patients.

Use of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in trauma patients with severe adult respiratory distress syndrome: A retrospective study.

Background: The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has increased, although its survival benefit in trauma patients with severe adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains controversial. We investigated the effect of veno-venous (VV)-ECMO on the clinical outcomes of trauma patients with severe ARDS.

Methods: This was a retrospective study at a single center comprising trauma patients admitted between January 2013 and December 2017, diagnosed with severe ARDS using the Berlin definition (PaO2/FiO2 ratio ⩽100), in the 7 days following trauma.

Comparison of mortality among hemorrhage-control methods performed for hemodynamically unstable patients with traumatic pelvic fractures: A multi-center study.

Background: /Objective: We aimed to analyze the effects of hemorrhage control methods on the mortality of patients with hemodynamic instability due to pelvic fracture and investigate independent mortality risk factors in these patients.

Methods: Ninety-seven pelvic bone fracture patients with hemodynamic instability who visited the emergency departments of two university hospitals over 5 years were enrolled. These patients were categorized based on 28-day mortality (survival group) and acute hemorrhage mortality (non-survival group).

Age-related changes in mean corpuscular volumes in patients without anaemia: An analysis of large-volume data from a single institute.

Although the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) has been associated with various diseases, these associations in relation to the age-related trends in MCV remain unclear. Therefore, we used a dataset with over one million values to identify the relationship between ageing and MCV changes. All laboratory data obtained between November 1998 and November 2019 at Chungbuk National University Hospital were retrospectively collected.

Learning From Noisy Labels With Deep Neural Networks: A Survey.

Deep learning has achieved remarkable success in numerous domains with help from large amounts of big data. However, the quality of data labels is a concern because of the lack of high-quality labels in many real-world scenarios. As noisy labels severely degrade the generalization performance of deep neural networks, learning from noisy labels (robust training) is becoming an important task in modern deep learning applications.

Can Robots Help Working Parents with Childcare? Optimizing Childcare Functions for Different Parenting Characteristics.

Is it true that parents always prioritize educational effectiveness when selecting childcare services? The current study identified the potential requirements of dual-income parents toward social robots' diverse childcare functions (e.g., , , , and ).

A nomogram to predict arterial bleeding in patients with pelvic fractures after blunt trauma: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Pelvic bone fractures are one of the biggest challenges faced by trauma surgeons. Especially, the presence of bleeding and hemodynamic instability features is associated with high morbidity and mortality in patients with pelvic fractures. However, prediction of the occurrence of arterial bleeding causing massive hemorrhage in patients with pelvic fractures is difficult.

DTranNER: biomedical named entity recognition with deep learning-based label-label transition model.

Background: Biomedical named-entity recognition (BioNER) is widely modeled with conditional random fields (CRF) by regarding it as a sequence labeling problem. The CRF-based methods yield structured outputs of labels by imposing connectivity between the labels. Recent studies for BioNER have reported state-of-the-art performance by combining deep learning-based models (e.

Stable Subloop Behavior in Ferroelectric Si-Doped HfO.

The recent demand for analogue devices for neuromorphic applications requires modulation of multiple nonvolatile states. Ferroelectricity with multiple polarization states enables neuromorphic applications with various architectures. However, deterministic control of ferroelectric polarization states with conventional ferroelectric materials has been met with accessibility issues.

Association of Initial Low Serum Selenium Level with Infectious Complications and 30-Day Mortality in Multiple Trauma Patients.

Low serum selenium levels are commonly observed in critically injured multiple trauma patients. This study aimed to identify the association between initial serum selenium levels and in-hospital infectious complications in multiple trauma patients. We retrospectively reviewed multiple trauma patients admitted between January 2015 and November 2017.

Laparoscopic appendectomy versus open appendectomy for suspected appendicitis during pregnancy: a systematic review and updated meta-analysis.

Background: Recently, laparoscopic appendectomies (LAs) have been widely performed instead of open appendectomies (OAs) during pregnancy. However, concerns about the safety of LA during pregnancy remain. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the current evidence relating to the safety of LA versus OA for suspected appendicitis during pregnancy.

Antibiotic use in patients with abdominal injuries: guideline by the Korean Society of Acute Care Surgery.

Purpose: A task force appointed by the Korean Society of Acute Care Surgery reviewed previously published guidelines on antibiotic use in patients with abdominal injuries and adapted guidelines for Korea.

Methods: Four guidelines were assessed using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II instrument. Five topics were considered: indication for antibiotics, time until first antibiotic use, antibiotic therapy duration, appropriate antibiotics, and antibiotic use in abdominal trauma patients with hemorrhagic shock.

Factors predicting the need for hemorrhage control intervention in patients with blunt pelvic trauma: a retrospective study.

Background: Blunt pelvic injuries are often associated with pelvic fractures and injuries to the rectum and genitourinary tract. Pelvic fractures can lead to life-threatening hemorrhage, which is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in trauma. Thus, early identification of patients with pelvic fractures at risk severe bleeding requiring urgent hemorrhage control is crucial.

Association of Inadequate Caloric Supplementation with 30-Day Mortality in Critically Ill Postoperative Patients with High Modified NUTRIC Score.

Modified NUTRIC (mNUTRIC) score is a useful assessment tool to determine the risk of malnutrition in patients on mechanical ventilation (MV). We identified associations between postoperative calorie adequacy, 30-day mortality, and surgical outcomes in patients with high mNUTRIC scores. Medical records of 272 patients in the intensive care unit who required MV support for >24 h after emergency gastro-intestinal (GI) surgery between January 2007 and December 2017 were reviewed.

Predictors of early weaning failure from mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients after emergency gastrointestinal surgery: A retrospective study.

Mechanical ventilation (MV) is the most common therapeutic modality used for critically ill patients. However, prolonged MV is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is important to avoid both premature extubation and unnecessary prolongation of MV.

Hyporesponsiveness of natural killer cells and impaired inflammatory responses in critically ill patients.

Background: To investigate natural killer (NK) cell activity, circulating cytokine level and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cytokine production status in critically ill patients.

Methods: Blood samples were collected <24 h after admission from 24 intensive care unit (ICU) patients and 24 age-, sex-, and body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy controls. Serum cytokine concentrations and cytokine production by PBMCs and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated PBMCs were measured.

Prevalence of Malnutrition in Hospitalized Patients: a Multicenter Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Malnutrition is associated with many adverse clinical outcomes. The present study aimed to identify the prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalized patients in Korea, evaluate the association between malnutrition and clinical outcomes, and ascertain the risk factors of malnutrition.

Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study was performed with 300 patients recruited from among the patients admitted in 25 hospitals on January 6, 2014.

A nomogram predicting the need for abdominal and pelvic computed tomography in blunt trauma patients: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Abdominal and pelvic computed tomography (APCT) has become the preferred means for the initial evaluation of blunt trauma patients. However, computed tomography examination has some disadvantages, such as radiation exposure, the requirement for intravenous iodinated contrast medium, high cost, and time. We aimed to develop a nomogram to predict the need for APCT scanning after the primary survey of blunt trauma patients.

2017 update of the WSES guidelines for emergency repair of complicated abdominal wall hernias.

Emergency repair of complicated abdominal wall hernias may be associated with worsen outcome and a significant rate of postoperative complications. There is no consensus on management of complicated abdominal hernias. The main matter of debate is about the use of mesh in case of intestinal resection and the type of mesh to be used.

The management of intra-abdominal infections from a global perspective: 2017 WSES guidelines for management of intra-abdominal infections.

Intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) are common surgical emergencies and have been reported as major contributors to non-trauma deaths in the emergency departments worldwide. The cornerstones of effective treatment of IAIs are early recognition, adequate source control, and appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Prompt resuscitation of patients with ongoing sepsis is of utmost important.

Serum oxygen radical activity and total antioxidation capacity are related with severities of surgical patient with sepsis: Prospective pilot study.

Purpose: The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the correlation between clinical severity and serum oxygen radical activity (ORA) and total antioxidation capacity (TAC) in critically ill surgical patients with sepsis.

Materials And Methods: The prospective observational study was performed in surgical intensive care unit (SICU) patients with intra-abdominal sepsis. Serum ORA and TAC levels were measured using a spectrophotometry-based antioxidant assay machine.