A multicenter study of altered level of consciousness in the emergency room.

New-onset altered level of consciousness (ALC) is a challenge in real-world clinical practice. Although its presentation is nonspecific and its etiology is intricate, the term ALC is frequently used in the emergency room (ER). This study aimed to clarify and classify the etiologies and outcomes of the ALC in the ER.

Etiologies of altered level of consciousness in the emergency room.

Altered levels of consciousness (ALCs) is a challenging issue; however, data describing its etiology and frequency are lacking. This study aimed to clarify and classify the etiologies of ALCs in the emergency room (ER) and to evaluate their destinations and the form of discharge. This retrospective study included patients with an ALC who visited the ER of a university hospital between January 2018 and December 2020.

Analysis of the Common Femoral Artery and Vein: Anatomical Morphology, Vessel Relationship, and Factors Affecting Vessel Size.

: We aimed to analyze the morphology of the common femoral artery (CFA) and common femoral vein (CFV) and the anatomical relationship between the two blood vessels, and to investigate the factors that influence the size of these blood vessels. : This retrospective study included 584 patients who underwent abdominal and pelvic computed tomography from 1 February to 28 February 2021. We measured the vessels at three regions on both lower extremities (inguinal ligament, distal vessel bifurcation, midpoint) and analyzed and classified the degree of overlap between the CFA and CFV into three types, as well as the factors affecting vessel size.

Preparedness of personal protective equipment and implementation of new CPR strategies for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the COVID-19 era.

Background: In February and March 2020, healthcare providers and citizens in Daegu, South Korea, experienced the onslaught of a large-scale community epidemic of COVID-19. This had a profound impact on patients who experienced out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of 171 OHCA patients based on the multicenter WinCOVID registry.

External validation of multimodal termination of resuscitation rules for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in the COVID-19 era.

Background: Futile resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients in the coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 era can lead to risk of disease transmission and unnecessary transport. Various existing basic or advanced life support (BLS or ALS, respectively) rules for the termination of resuscitation (TOR) have been derived and validated in North America and Asian countries. This study aimed to evaluate the external validation of these rules in predicting the survival outcomes of OHCA patients in the COVID-19 era.

Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Alzheimer's Disease: A Review.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Despite this, clear pathophysiology for AD has not been confirmed, and effective treatments are still not available. As AD results in a complex disease process for cognitive decline, various theories have been suggested as the cause of AD.

Pulse pressure during the initial resuscitative period in patients with septic shock treated with a protocol-driven resuscitation bundle therapy.

Background/aims: Maintaining a mean arterial pressure (MAP) ≥ 65 mmHg during septic shock should be based on individual circumstances, but specific target is poorly understood. We investigated associations between time-weighted average (TWA) hemodynamic parameters during the initial resuscitative period and 28-day mortality.

Methods: Prospectively collected data were obtained from a septic shock patient registry, according to the Sepsis-3 definition, between 2016 and 2018.

Clinical Correlates of Frontal Intermittent Rhythmic Delta Activity Without Structural Brain Lesion.

Frontal intermittent rhythmic delta activity (FIRDA), rhythmic slow wave pattern lasting several seconds over the anterior leads of electroencephalography (EEG), has been reported in a wide variety of clinical conditions. We investigated the clinical significance of FIRDA without structural brain lesions. We reviewed 7689 EEGs between October 2017 and September 2019 at a university hospital.

Anatomical Morphology Analysis of Internal Jugular Veins and Factors Affecting Internal Jugular Vein Size.

There is a paucity of research on the shape of internal jugular vein (IJV) and their association with an individual's morphology and various chronic diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the anatomy of the IJV across various patients and to relate the differences in anatomy to basic patient characteristics. This retrospective study included a total of 313 patients who underwent contrast-enhanced neck computed tomography between January 2017 and December 2018.

Preventable trauma death rate in Daegu, South Korea.

Objective: This study investigated the preventable death rate in Daegu, South Korea, and assessed affecting factors and preventable factors in order to improve the treatment of regional trauma patients.

Methods: All traumatic deaths between January 2012 and December 2012 in 5 hospitals in Daegu were analyzed by panel review, which were classified into preventable and non-preventable deaths. We determined the factors affecting trauma deaths and the preventable factors during trauma care.