Effects of Test Location and Sample Number on the Liking Ratings of Almond Beverage and Vegan Ramen Products.

The present study investigated the effects of the evaluation environment and sample number on liking ratings within the same testing session. It comprised two experiments that determined consumer taste ratings of the following food products: (1) almond beverage and (2) vegan ramen, as rated by 322 and 287 Korean consumers, respectively. Consumers tasted each food product under either laboratory or home-used test conditions.

Segmental Height Decrease Adversely Affects Foraminal Height and Cervical Lordosis, But Not Clinical Outcome After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Using Allografts.

Objective: This study was conducted to elucidate the clinical significance of postoperative segmental height decrease (SHD) in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) using allografts.

Methods: We reviewed 88 patients who underwent ACDF using allografts as interbody spacers. Cervical lordosis, segmental lordosis, segmental height, foraminal height, fusion, allograft fracture, and resorption were assessed.

Determination of organic milk authenticity using carbon and nitrogen natural isotopes.

Natural stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen ((12)C, (13)C, (14)N, (15)N) have abundances unique to each living creature. Therefore, measurement of the stable isotope ratio of carbon and nitrogen (δ(13)C=(13)C/(12)C, δ(15)N=(15)N/(14)N) in milk provides a reliable method to determine organic milk (OM) authenticity. In the present study, the mean δ(13)C value of OM was higher than that of conventional milk (CM), whereas the mean δ(15)N value of OM was lower than that of CM; nonetheless both δ(13)C and δ(15)N values were statistically different for the OM and CM (P<0.