Effects of dentin bonding agents and silanization on bond strength between 3D printed resin and composite resin.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dentin bonding agents and silanization on the bond strength between 3D printed resin and composite resin and compare it with a conventional composite resin. 3D printed resin cylinders (PCB) and composite resin substrates (Z250) were prepared and divided into eight subgroups based on the bonding agents used (n=12). The shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine, and the failure modes were evaluated.

Identification of reassortant pandemic H1N1 influenza virus in Korean pigs.

Since the 2009 pandemic human H1N1 influenza A virus emerged in April 2009, novel reassortant strains have been identified throughout the world. This paper describes the detection and isolation of reassortant strains associated with human pandemic influenza H1N1 and swine influenza H1N2 (SIV) viruses in swine populations in South Korea. Two influenza H1N2 reassortants were detected, and subtyped by PCR.

Population dynamics and ORF3 gene evolution of porcine circovirus type 2 circulating in Korea.

This study was conducted to investigate the status and population dynamics of porcine circovirus type 2(PCV2) in Korea and to assess the molecular evolutionary pattern of the two biologically important, overlapping open reading frames, the ORF1 and ORF3 genes. A wide range of PCV2 genomic sequences (entire genome, ORF1, ORF2 and ORF3) collected between 2001 and 2010 were analyzed using the Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo and maximum-likelihood approaches. These techniques identified the PCV2d genotype and the 2Ek cluster of PCV2a in Korea for the first time.

One year's study of dynamic and evolution of types I and II PRRSV in a swine farm.

This study was to investigate dynamic and evolution of PRRSV in a seed-stock farm by monitoring PRRSV status from 11 June 2009 to 4 August 2010. For laboratory test, around 18-24 umbilical cords from farrowed sows and 5-95 sera from nursery and grow/finish pigs were submitted around every 2 weeks interval during the study. The submitted samples were tested for PRRSV using IDEXX PRRS 2XR ELISA kit, RT-nested PCR.

Detection and genetic analysis of porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus in South Korea.

Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) causes vomiting and wasting disease (VWD) or encephalomyelitis, and primarily affects pigs under 3 weeks of age. In this study, we detected PHEV from clinically ill pigs in conventional pig farms in South Korea. From November 2009 to March 2010, a total of 239 pig tissue samples from 91 farms were tested by nested RT-PCR.

Molecular detection of porcine kobuviruses in pigs in Korea and their association with diarrhea.

Kobuviruses are small, non-enveloped viruses with a single-stranded, positive-sense genomic RNA, belonging to the family Picornaviridae, a highly diverse family of important pathogens of human and other animals. Porcine kobuvirus has been found recently, and consequently, information about the virus is lacking. In this study, we identified porcine kobuviruses from pigs in Korea by RT-PCR, cloning and sequencing, and we showed the existence of genetic diversity among geographically separated porcine kobuviruses through genetic and phylogenetic analysis.