Analysis of Under-Diagnosed Malignancy during Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Lymphadenopathies.

Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a useful tool in the evaluation of lymphadenopathy. It is a safe and minimally invasive procedure that provides preoperative details for subsequent treatment. It can also diagnose the majority of malignant tumors.

Utility and Limitations of Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology in the Diagnosis of Lymphadenopathy.

Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a valuable tool for evaluating lymphadenopathy. The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and effectiveness of FNAC in the diagnosis of lymphadenopathy.

Methods: Cytological characteristics were evaluated in 432 patients who underwent lymph node FNAC and follow-up biopsy at the Korea Cancer Center Hospital from January 2015 to December 2019.

Preliminary Radiogenomic Evidence for the Prediction of Metastasis and Chemotherapy Response in Pediatric Patients with Osteosarcoma Using F-FDF PET/CT, and .

Chemotherapy response and metastasis prediction play important roles in the treatment of pediatric osteosarcoma, which is prone to metastasis and has a high mortality rate. This study aimed to estimate the prediction model using gene expression and image texture features. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) images of 52 pediatric osteosarcoma patients were used to estimate the machine learning algorithm.

Longitudinal Imaging of Liver Cancer Using MicroCT and Nanoparticle Contrast Agents in CRISPR/Cas9-Induced Liver Cancer Mouse Model.

Introduction: Micro-computed tomography with nanoparticle contrast agents may be a suitable tool for monitoring the time course of the development and progression of tumors. Here, we suggest a practical and convenient experimental method for generating and longitudinally imaging murine liver cancer models.

Methods: Liver cancer was induced in 6 experimental mice by injecting clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9 plasmids causing mutations in genes expressed by hepatocytes.

Major Clues and Pitfalls in the Differential Diagnosis of Parathyroid and Thyroid Lesions Using Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology.

Background: It is difficult to distinguish parathyroid lesions (PLs) from thyroid lesions using fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) because of their proximity and their similar cytomorphological features.

Methods: FNAC smears of 46 patients with pathologically proven PLs that were histologically diagnosed as parathyroid adenoma (PA, = 35), parathyroid hyperplasia (PH, = 3), atypical parathyroid adenoma (APA, = 1), and parathyroid carcinoma (PC, = 7) were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed.

Results: Our initial cytological diagnoses indicated correct diagnoses in 31 of 46 PL patients (67%).

Early response monitoring of neoadjuvant chemotherapy using [F]FDG PET can predict the clinical outcome of extremity osteosarcoma.

Background: To propose a personalized therapeutic approach in osteosarcoma treatment, we assessed whether sequential [F]FDG PET/CT (PET/CT) could predict the outcome of patients with osteosarcoma of the extremities after one cycle and two cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Methods: A total of 73 patients with AJCC stage II extremity osteosarcoma treated with 2 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgery, and adjuvant chemotherapy were retrospectively analyzed in this study. All patients underwent PET/CT before (PET0), after 1 cycle (PET1), and after the completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (PET2), respectively.

Comparison of 99mTc-methyl diphosphonate bone scintigraphy and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography to predict histologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with osteosarcoma.

We compared the usefulness of Tc-methyl diphosphonate (Tc-MDP) bone scintigraphy and F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) for positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in predicting histologic response in patients with osteosarcoma receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).We retrospectively reviewed 62 patients with high-grade osteosarcoma who had received 2 cycles of NAC and surgery. All patients underwent Tc-MDP bone scintigraphy and F-FDG PET/CT before and after NAC.

Enhanced Glycolysis Supports Cell Survival in EGFR-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma by Inhibiting Autophagy-Mediated EGFR Degradation.

Oncogenic EGFR is essential for the development and growth of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the precise roles of EGFR in lung cancer metabolism remain unclear. Here, we show that EGFR mutation-mediated enhancement of glycolysis is critical for EGFR stability. EGFR knockdown significantly decreased levels of glycolytic pathway intermediates via transcriptional regulation of glycolytic genes.

Factors that Predict Clinical Benefit of EGFR TKI Therapy in Patients with Wild-Type Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor () mutations in non-small cell lung cancers have emerged as key predictive biomarkers in EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment. However, a few patients with wild-type also respond to EGFR TKIs. This study investigated the factors predicting successful EGFR TKI treatment in lung adenocarcinoma patients with wild-type .

Cytological Features That Differentiate Follicular Neoplasm from Mimicking Lesions.

Background: It is difficult to correctly diagnose follicular neoplasms (FNs) on fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) because it shares many cytological features with other mimicking lesions. The aim of this study was to identify the cytological features that differentiate FNs from mimicking lesions.

Methods: We included the cytological slides from 116 cases of thyroid FN diagnosed on FNAC, and included their subsequent histological diagnoses.

Importance of Individual Ghost Cells in Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology Diagnosis of Pilomatricoma.

Background: Although histological diagnosis of pilomatricoma is not difficult because of its unique histological features, cytological diagnosis through fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is often problematic due to misdiagnoses as malignancy.

Methods: We reviewed the cytological features of 14 cases of histologically-proven pilomatricoma from Korea Cancer Center Hospital, with a discussion on the diagnostic pitfalls of FNAC.

Results: Among 14 cases of pilomatricoma, 10 (71.

The Significance of TROP2 Expression in Predicting Mutations in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

Background: Trophoblast antigen 2 (TROP2) is a human trophoblast cell-surface glycoprotein that is overexpressed in several types of epithelial cancers, and is suggested to be associated with an unfavorable prognosis. mutations are the most common genetic alteration in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). We evaluated the correlation between TROP2 expression and mutation in PTC.

Effect of low- and high-linear energy transfer radiation on in vitro and orthotopic in vivo models of osteosarcoma by activation of caspase-3 and -9.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant tumor of the bone derived from primitive transformed cells of the mesenchymal origin. Local low-linear energy transfer (LET) radiotherapy has limited benefits on OS owing to its radioresistance. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of high-LET radiation on human OS.

Association between thyroid cancer and epidermal growth factor receptor mutation in female with nonsmall cell lung cancer.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between epidermal growth factor receptor () mutation and thyroid cancer in female patients with nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: In a retrospective study, we examined 835 female patients who were diagnosed with NSCLC and underwent an mutation test between June 2003 and August 2013. The associations of mutation with thyroid cancer and a family history of thyroid cancer were evaluated using logistic regression models.

Expression of activated Notch1 and Hey1 in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Aims: The Notch signalling pathway is involved in normal development as well as tumorigenesis. However, it is unclear whether Notch activation is related to diverse clinicopathological factors in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

Methods And Results: We examined the relationship between clinicopathological factors and the expression of activated Notch1 and Hey1, which are indicators of Notch signalling pathway activation, in 109 PTC cases.

Zoledronic acid is an effective radiosensitizer in the treatment of osteosarcoma.

To overcome radioresistance in the treatment of osteosarcoma, a primary malignant tumor of the bone, radiotherapy is generally combined with radiosensitizers. The purpose of this study was to investigate a third-generation bisphosphonate, zoledronic acid (ZOL), as a radiosensitizer for osteosarcoma. We found that exposure of KHOS/NP osteosarcoma cells to 20 μM ZOL decreased the γ-radiation dose needed to kill 90% of cells.

The Role of Notch1 Signaling in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma.

Purpose: The Notch signaling pathway is widely expressed in normal, reactive, and neoplastic tissues; however, its role in thyroid tissues has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study was conducted to characterize the expression of the Notch signaling pathway in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) cells and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) cells.

Materials And Methods: Expression of activated Notch1 in ATC and PTC paraffin-embedded tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry.

Epidermal growth factor receptor mutations and brain metastasis in patients with nonadenocarcinoma of the lung.

Objective: This study explored the potential association between epidermal growth.factor receptor. (EGFR) mutation status and brain metastasis in patients with nonadenocarcinoma nonsmall cell lung cancer.

Clinical implications of proliferation activity in T1 or T2 male gastric cancer patients.

Proliferation activity has already been established as a prognostic marker or as a marker for anticancer drug sensitivity. In gastric cancer, however, the prognostic significance of proliferation activity is still being debated. Several studies evaluating proliferation activity using Ki-67 have shown controversial results in terms of the relationship between proliferation activity and overall survival (OS) or drug sensitivity in gastric cancer patients.

Immunohistochemical localization of LLC1 in human tissues and its limited expression in non-small cell lung cancer.

We have shown both LLC1 expression in the lung epithelium by in situ hybridization and its inactivation in lung cancer by epigenetic modification. However, LLC1 protein's cellular localization or its role in normal lung or cancer tissues has not yet been evaluated. In the present study, a monoclonal antibody against recombinant LLC1 was produced, and immunohistochemical staining was performed on arrays including various human tissues, normal lung and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues for LLC1 localization.

The Role of (18)F-FDG PET/CT as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Synovial Sarcoma.

Purpose: This research aims to investigate the potential of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET) to predict pathologic response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and overall survival (OS) of patients with synovial sarcoma in Korea.

Methods: Twenty patients with synovial sarcoma from January 2001 to December 2011 were reviewed retrospectively. All patients underwent pre-treatment FDG PET and tumor removal.

Expression of cancer stem cell markers and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related factors in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.

Background: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is an undifferentiated tumor of the thyroid that has poor prognosis owing to its aggressive behavior and resistance to current treatments. We hypothesized that the stem cell properties induced by the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was one of reasons for the dismal outcome of ATC.

Materials And Methods: Paraffin blocks and slides of 17 ATC cases were retrieved.

Clinical outcome of low-grade central osteosarcoma and role of CDK4 and MDM2 immunohistochemistry as a diagnostic adjunct.

Introduction: Low-grade osteosarcoma encompasses parosteal osteosarcoma (POS) and low-grade central osteosarcoma (LCOS), with LCOS more rare than POS. LCOS is also more likely to be misdiagnosed and inappropriately treated with an intralesional procedure, due to its misleading radiological features and the overlap of its pathological characteristics with those of benign bone tumors. Therefore, as a diagnostic adjunct for LCOS, immunohistochemical assay with murine double-minute type 2 (MDM2) and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) have been tried with controversial results.