Reduced physiological extrusion of the medial meniscus in axial load-bearing condition in anterior cruciate ligament deficiency.

Purpose: In this study, ultrasonography was used to measure medial meniscus (MM) extrusion under weight-bearing and nonweight-bearing conditions in both anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient and ACL-intact knee groups. This study aimed to determine the possible differences between these groups with an eventual impact on meniscal tears in ACL-deficient knees.

Methods: A total of 107 patients who underwent ACL reconstructive surgery between June 2022 and April 2023 were enroled.

Prunin from (L.) Rafin Inhibits Aldose Reductase and Glucose-Fructose-Mediated Protein Glycation and Oxidation of Human Serum Albumin.

Diabetes complications are associated with aldose reductase (AR) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Using bioassay-guided isolation by column chromatography, 10 flavonoids and one coumarin were isolated from Rafin and tested in vitro for an inhibitory effect against human recombinant AR (HRAR) and rat lens AR (RLAR). Prunin, narirutin, and naringin inhibited RLAR (IC 0.

Dual regulatory effects of neferine on amyloid-β and tau aggregation studied by in silico, in vitro, and lab-on-a-chip technology.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of two critical pathogenic factors: amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau. Aβ and tau become neurotoxic aggregates via self-assembly, and these aggregates contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. Therefore, there has been growing interest in therapeutic strategies that simultaneously target Aβ and tau aggregates.

N-Feruloylserotonin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation via SIRT1-stimulated FOXO1 and NF-κB signaling pathways in RAW 264.7 cells.

Macrophages become activated by a variety of stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and participate in the process of immune responses. Activated macrophages produce various inflammatory mediators. In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory mechanism of a serotonin derivative, N-feruloylserotonin, isolated from safflower seeds in RAW 264.

Effects of Icariin and Its Metabolites on GPCR Regulation and MK-801-Induced Schizophrenia-Like Behaviors in Mice.

Icariin, a major bioactive compound found in the genus, has been reported to exert protective effects against neurodegenerative disorders. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the regulatory effect of icariin and its active metabolites (icariside II and icaritin) against prime G-protein-coupled receptor targets, considering their association with neuronal disorders. Icariside II exhibited selective agonist activity towards the dopamine D3 receptor (DR), with half-maximal effective concentrations of 13.

In Vitro Human Monoamine Oxidase Inhibition and Human Dopamine D Receptor Antagonist Effect of Natural Flavonoids for Neuroprotection.

Natural flavone and isoflavone analogs such as 3',4',7-trihydroxyflavone (), 3',4',7-trihydroxyisoflavone (), and calycosin () possess significant neuroprotective activity in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. This study highlights the in vitro human monoamine oxidase (hMAO) inhibitory potential and functional effect of those natural flavonoids at dopamine and serotonin receptors for their possible role in neuroprotection. In vitro hMAO inhibition and enzyme kinetics studies were performed using a chemiluminescent assay.

1,5-Anhydro-d-glucitol derivative and galloylated flavonoids isolated from the leaves of Acer ginnala Maxim. as dual inhibitors of PTP1B and α-glucosidase enzymes: In vitro and in silico studies.

Four undescribed compounds (two 1,5-anhydro-d-glucitol derivatives and two galloyl derivatives) and fourteen known compounds were isolated and structurally identified from leaves of Acer ginnala Maxim. (Amur maple). Structures and absolute configurations of the four undescribed compounds were determined using extensive analysis of NMR spectroscopic, HRESI-MS, modified Mosher ester method, and comparison with spectroscopic data of known compounds.

Dopamine and serotonin alterations by extracts under cortical primary neuronal cell cultures.

Background/objectives: (HF) is a class of brown seaweeds whose active ingredients exert central nervous system protective effects, such as neuroprotection; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Given that dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5HT) are two major neurotransmitters involved in various psychiatric disorders and neuronal growth in early neurodevelopmental processes, we investigated whether HF extract could modulate the molecular expression associated with DA and 5HT transmission as well as the structural formation of neurons.

Materials/methods: cell cultures were prepared from cerebral cortical neurons obtained from CD-1 mice on embryonic day 14.

Icariside II, a Prenyl-Flavonol, Alleviates Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain by Inhibiting T-Type Calcium Channels and USP5-Cav3.2 Interactions.

Cav3.2 channels play an important role in the afferent nociceptive pathway, which is responsible for both physiological and pathological pain transmission. Cav3.

Inhibitory effect of parthenolide on peripheral nerve degeneration.

Traumatic axonal damage disrupts connections between neurons, leading to the loss of motor and sensory functions. Although damaged peripheral nerves can regenerate, recovery depends on the variety and severity of nerve damage. Thus, many phytochemicals have been studied for their ability to reduce peripheral nerve degeneration, and among them, Parthenolide (PTL), which is extracted from Feverfew has effects against production of free radicals, inflammation, and apoptosis.

Ursonic acid from Artemisia montana exerts anti-diabetic effects through anti-glycating properties, and by inhibiting PTP1B and activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in insulin-resistant C2C12 cells.

Artemisia is one of the largest genera in the plant family Asteraceae and has long been used in traditional medicine for its antitussive, analgesic, antihypertensive, antitoxic, antiviral, antimalarial, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the anti-diabetic activity of Artemisia montana has not been broadly studied. The goal of this study was to determine whether extracts of the aerial parts of A.

Antioxidant and Antineuroinflammatory Mechanisms of Kaempferol-3--β-d-Glucuronate on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated BV2 Microglial Cells through the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Cascade and MAPK/NF-κB Pathway.

Aglycone- and glycoside-derived forms of flavonoids exist broadly in plants and foods such as fruits, vegetables, and peanuts. However, most studies focus on the bioavailability of flavonoid aglycone rather than its glycosylated form. Kaempferol-3--β-d-glucuronate (K3G) is a natural flavonoid glycoside obtained from various plants that have several biological activities, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Bromophenols from (Harvey) Yamada as Novel Cholecystokinin 2 Receptor Antagonists.

Background: Cholecystokinin (CCK) is one of the most abundant peptides in the central nervous system and is believed to function as a neurotransmitter as well as a gut hormone with an inverse correlation of its level to anxiety and depression. Therefore, CCK receptors (CCKRs) could be a relevant target for novel antidepressant therapy.

Methods: target prediction was first employed to predict the probability of the bromophenols interacting with key protein targets based on a model trained on known bioactivity data and chemical similarity considerations.

Dual modulators of aggregation and dissociation of amyloid beta and tau: In vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies of Uncaria rhynchophylla and its bioactive components.

A prominent characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the deposition of both amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and tau protein in the brain. Aβ and tau not only induce toxicity through self-aggregation but also induce more potent toxicity through the synergistic action of Aβ and tau. In particular, neurotoxic aggregates of Aβ and tau directly affect several AD pathologies including neuroinflammation and cognitive decline.

Phytoestrogen Coumestrol Selectively Inhibits Monoamine Oxidase-A and Amyloid β Self-Aggregation.

leaves contain a variety of phytoestrogens, including flavonoids, isoflavonoids, and coumestan derivatives. In this study, we aimed to identify the active ingredients of leaves and to elucidate their function in monoamine oxidase (MAO) activation and Aβ self-aggregation using in vitro and in silico approaches. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to elucidate coumestrol as a selective and competitive MAO-A inhibitor.

6-Formyl Umbelliferone, a Furanocoumarin from a L., Inhibits Key Diabetes-Related Enzymes and Advanced Glycation End-Product Formation.

Over the years, great attention has been paid to coumarin derivatives, a set of versatile molecules that exhibit a wide variety of biological activities and have few toxic side effects. In this study, we investigated the antidiabetic potential of 6-formyl umbelliferone (6-FU), a novel furanocoumarin isolated from . Numerous pharmacological activities of 6-FU have been previously reported; however, the mechanism of its antidiabetic activity is unknown.

Respiratory Reviews in Asthma 2022.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by varying and recurrent symptoms, reversible airway obstruction, and bronchospasm. In this paper, clinical important studies on asthma published between March 2021 and February 2022 were reviewed. A study on the relationship between asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis, bronchiectasis, and hormone replacement therapy was published.

New Monocyclic Terpenoid Lactones from a Brown Algae as Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors.

Algae are unique natural products that can produce various types of biologically active compounds. The 70% ethanol extract of brown algae collected from the East Sea of Korea inhibited human monoamine oxidases A and B enzymes (MAO-A and MAO-B) at a 50 μg/mL concentration. The bioassay-guided isolation was performed through solid-phase extraction and the Sepbox system followed by serial high-performance liquid chromatography on the reverse phase condition, resulting in the identification of two new monocyclic terpenoid lactones, sargassumins A and B ( and ).

PTP1B and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the chemical constituents from Hedera rhombea fruits: Kinetic analysis and molecular docking simulation.

In this study, we present the first investigation of Hedera rhombea Bean fruit, which led to the isolation of six undescribed compounds including two megastigmane glucosides, two rare 1,4-dioxane neolignanes, and two quinic acid derivatives, together with 26 known compounds. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by extensive analysis of NMR spectroscopic data, HRMS, and ECD calculations. This is the first report on the isolation of methyl 3-O-caffeoyl-5-O-p-coumaroylquinate from a natural source.

and Characterization of Kurarinone as a Dopamine D Receptor Antagonist and D and D Receptor Agonist.

Alterations in the expression and/or activity of brain G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) such as dopamine DR, DR, DR, and DR, vasopressin VR, and serotonin 5-HTR are noted in various neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Since studies have indicated that flavonoids can target brain GPCRs and provide neuroprotection via inhibition of monoamine oxidases (hMAOs), our study explored the functional role of kurarinone, an abundant lavandulated flavonoid in , on dopamine receptor subtypes, VR, 5-HTR, and hMAOs. Radioligand binding assays revealed considerable binding of kurarinone on DR, DR, and DR.

Isoliquiritigenin, a potent human monoamine oxidase inhibitor, modulates dopamine D, D, and vasopressin V receptors.

Isoliquiritigenin (= 4,2',4'-Trihydroxychalcone) (ILG) is a major constituent of the Glycyrrhizae Rhizoma that has significant neuroprotective functions. In the present study, we re-examined the potential of ILG to inhibit human monoamine oxidase (hMAO) in vitro and established its mechanism of inhibition through a kinetics study and molecular docking examination. ILG showed competitive inhibition of hMAO-A and mixed inhibition of hMAO-B with IC values of 0.