H1N1 nanobody development and therapeutic efficacy verification in H1N1-challenged mice.

Influenza A virus causes numerous deaths and infections worldwide annually. Therefore, we have considered nanobodies as a potential treatment for patients with severe cases of influenza. We developed a nanobody that was expected to have protective efficacy against the A/California/04/2009 (CA/04; pandemic 2009 flu strain) and evaluated its therapeutic efficacy against CA/04 in mice experiments.

Antidepressant-Like Activities of Hispidol and Decursin in Mice and Analysis of Neurotransmitter Monoamines.

The antidepressant activities of hispidol and decursin (both potent monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) inhibitors) were evaluated using the forced swimming test (FST) and the tail suspension test (TST) in mice, and thereafter, levels of neurotransmitter monoamines and metabolites in brain tissues were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Hispidol (15 mg/kg) caused less or comparable immobility than fluoxetine (15 mg/kg; the positive control) in immobility time, as determined by FST (9.6 vs 32.

Calycosin and 8-O-methylretusin isolated from Maackia amurensis as potent and selective reversible inhibitors of human monoamine oxidase-B.

Nineteen compounds were isolated from the stems of Maackia amurensis by activity-guided screening for new human monoamine oxidase-B (hMAO-B) inhibitors. Among the compounds isolated, flavonoids calycosin (5) and 8-O-methylretusin (6) were found to potently and selectively inhibit hMAO-B (IC = 0.24 and 0.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of oxygenated chalcones as potent and selective MAO-B inhibitors.

The present study documents the synthesis of oxygenated chalcone (O1-O26) derivatives and their abilities to inhibit monoamine oxidases. All 26 derivatives examined showed potent inhibitory activity against MAO-B. Compound O23 showed the greatest inhibitory activity against MAO-B with an IC value of 0.

Potent and selective inhibition of human monoamine oxidase-B by 4-dimethylaminochalcone and selected chalcone derivatives.

Six synthetic (1-6) and six natural (7-12) chalcones were tested for human monoamine oxidases (hMAOs) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities. Compounds 4-dimethylaminochalcone (2), 4'-chloro-4-dimethylaminochalcone (5), and 2,4'-dichloro-4-dimethylaminochalcone (1) potently inhibited hMAO-B with IC values of 0.029, 0.

Potent inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by sargachromanol I from Sargassum siliquastrum and by selected natural compounds.

Six hundred forty natural compounds were tested for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities. Of those, sargachromanol I (SCI) and G (SCG) isolated from the brown alga Sargassum siliquastrum, dihydroberberine (DB) isolated from Coptis chinensis, and macelignan (ML) isolated from Myristica fragrans, potently and effectively inhibited AChE with IC values of 0.79, 1.

Osthenol, a prenylated coumarin, as a monoamine oxidase A inhibitor with high selectivity.

Osthenol (6), a prenylated coumarin isolated from the dried roots of Angelica pubescens, potently and selectively inhibited recombinant human monoamine oxidase-A (hMAO-A) with an IC value of 0.74 µM and showed a high selectivity index (SI > 81.1) for hMAO-A versus hMAO-B.

Roles of Carbohydrate-Binding Module (CBM) of an Endo-β-1,4-Glucanase (Cel5L) from sp. KD1014 in Thermostability and Small-Substrate Hydrolyzing Activity.

An endo-β-1,4-glucanase gene, 5L, was cloned using the shot-gun method from sp.. The gene, which contained a predicted signal peptide, encoded a protein of 496 amino acid residues, and the molecular mass of the mature Cel5L was estimated to be 51.

Selected aryl thiosemicarbazones as a new class of multi-targeted monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

A series of 13 phenyl substituted thiosemicarbazones () were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory potential towards human recombinant monoamine oxidase A and B (MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively) and acetylcholinesterase. The solid state structure of was ascertained by the single X-ray diffraction technique. Compounds and were potent for MAO-A (IC 1.

Rhamnocitrin isolated from Prunus padus var. seoulensis: A potent and selective reversible inhibitor of human monoamine oxidase A.

Three flavanones and two flavones were isolated from the leaves of Prunus padus var. seoulensis by the activity-guided screening for new monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors. Among the compounds isolated, rhamnocitrin (5) was found to potently and selectively inhibit human MAO-A (hMAO-A, IC = 0.

Characterization of truncated endo-β-1,4-glucanases from a compost metagenomic library and their saccharification potentials.

A gene encoding an endo-β-1,4-glucanase (Cel6H-f481) was cloned from a compost metagenomic library. The gene, cel6H-f481, was composed of 1446 bp to encode a fused protein of 481 amino acid residues (50,429 Da), i.e.

Characterization of Three Extracellular β-Glucosidases Produced by a Fungal Isolate sp. YDJ14 and Their Hydrolyzing Activity for a Flavone Glycoside.

A cellulolytic fungus, YDJ14, was isolated from compost and identified as an sp. strain. Three extracellular β-glucosidases, BGL-A1, BGL-A2, and BGL-A3, were separated using ultrafiltration, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and High-Q chromatography.

Characterization of a Multimodular Endo-β-1,4-Glucanase (Cel9K) from sp. X4 with a Potential Additive for Saccharification.

An endo-β-1,4-glucanase gene, 9K, was cloned using the shot-gun method from sp. X4, which was isolated from alpine soil. The gene was 2,994 bp in length, encoding a protein of 997 amino acid residues with a predicted signal peptide composed of 32 amino acid residues.

Characterization of two extracellular β-glucosidases produced from the cellulolytic fungus Aspergillus sp. YDJ216 and their potential applications for the hydrolysis of flavone glycosides.

A cellulolytic fungus YDJ216 was isolated from a compost and identified as an Aspergillus sp. strain. Two extracellular β-glucosidases, BGL1 and BGL2, were purified using ultrafiltration, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and High-Q chromatography.

Association between Doppler flow of atrial fibrillatory contraction and recurrence of atrial fibrillation after electrical cardioversion.

Background: Left atrial fibrillatory contraction (Afc) flow can be frequently observed interspersed between two successive mitral E waves in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that Afc is related to the maintenance of sinus rhythm after electrical cardioversion for AF.

Methods: In this retrospective study, the records of a total of 137 patients with AF who underwent successful electrical cardioversion were examined.

The efficacy of the cystatin C based glomerular filtration rate in the estimation of safe contrast media volume.

Background And Objectives: The risk of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is significantly influenced by baseline renal function and the amount of contrast media (CM). We evaluated the usefulness of the cystatin C (CyC) based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRCyC) in the prediction of CIN and to determine the safe CM dosage.

Subjects And Methods: We prospectively enrolled a total of 723 patients who received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and investigated the clinical factors associated with the development of CIN.