Effects of socioeconomic status on physical activity and cardiovascular diseases prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the older adults.

Purpose: This research seeks to evaluate the repercussions of socioeconomic status (SES) on physical activity (PA) among the older population, both pre and intra-COVID-19 pandemic. The study aims to scrutinize whether alteration in PA behaviors based on SES impacts cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). It is well established that PA has a significant association with CVDs and the pandemic has restricted PA in the older population.

Association between smartphone overdependency and mental health in Korean adolescents during the COVID pandemic; Age-and gender-matched study.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the relationship between smartphone dependency (SD) and mental health (MH) in adolescents in order to develop and implement plans pertaining to SD control.

Methods: Raw data from the 16th Online Adolescent Health Behavior Survey in 2020 were analyzed. A total of 482 respondents were selected as study subjects based on their experience of smartphone overdependence (SO), specifically, 241 participants whose score for SO was 37 or higher (Group 2) and age- and gender-matched 241 participants whose score was lower than 10 (Group 1).

The Relationship between the Frequency and Duration of Physical Activity and Depression in Older Adults with Multiple Chronic Diseases.

Research has demonstrated that older adults with multiple chronic diseases (CD) are particularly vulnerable to depression. Meeting current recommendations for physical activity (PA) may help ameliorate the impact of depression on this population. Nonetheless, the impact of frequency versus duration of PA on depression in older adults remains to be explored.

The Obesity Paradox in Elderly Patients Undergoing Emergency Surgery: A Nationwide Analysis.

Background: Obesity has long been considered a risk factor for postoperative adverse events in surgery. We sought to study the impact of body mass index (BMI) on the clinical outcomes of the high-risk emergency general surgery (EGS) elderly patients.

Methods: All EGS ≥65 years old patients in the 2007-2016 ACS-NSQIP database, identified using the variables 'emergency' and 'surgspec,' were included.

United States immigration detention amplifies disease interaction risk: A model for a transnational ICE-TB-DM2 syndemic.

Detention and removal of unauthorised immigrants by United States (U.S.) Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) has steadily increased despite declining rates of unauthorised migration.

The Role of Transaminases in Predicting Choledocholithiasis. A Novel Predictive Composite Score Development in a Cohort of 1089 Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.

Background: Optimal use of interventional procedures and diagnostic tests for patients with suspected choledocholithiasis depends on accurate pretest risk estimation. We sought to define sensitivity/specificity of transaminases in identifying choledocholithiasis and to incorporate them into a biochemical marker composite score that could accurately predict choledocholithiasis.

Methods: All adult patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy by our Emergency Surgery Service between 2010 and 2018 were reviewed.

Temporary intravascular shunts after civilian arterial injury: A prospective multicenter Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma study.

Introduction: We sought to determine the impact of the indication for shunt placement on shunt-related outcomes after major arterial injuries. We hypothesized that a shunt placed for damage control indications would be associated with an increase in shunt-related complications including shunt dislodgement, thrombosis, or distal ischemia.

Patients & Methods: A prospective, multicenter study (eleven level one US trauma centers) of all adult trauma patients undergoing temporary intravascular shunts (TIVS) after arterial injury was undertaken (January 2017-May 2019).

The Relationship between Muscular Strength and Depression in Older Adults with Chronic Disease Comorbidity.

Older adults with disease and disability are particularly vulnerable to experiencing more severe consequences of depression. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between disease comorbidities (number of disease: ND0, 1 disease: ND1 and 2 or more diseases: ND ≥ 2), hand grip strength (low HGS and high HGS), and the prevalence of depression in Korean older adults. Data from the living profiles of older people survey that was conducted by the ministry of health and welfare in Korea were utilized.

The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index is a powerful predictor of adverse outcome in the elderly emergency surgery patient.

Background: The degree to which malnutrition impacts perioperative outcomes in the elderly emergency surgery (ES) patient remains unknown. We aimed to study the relationship between malnutrition, as measured by the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), and postoperative outcomes in elderly patients undergoing ES.

Methods: Using the 2007 to 2016 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, all patients 65 years or older undergoing ES were included in our study.

No news is good news? Three-year postdischarge mortality of octogenarian and nonagenarian patients following emergency general surgery.

Background: Outcome data on the very elderly patients undergoing emergency general surgery (EGS) are sparse. We sought to examine short- and long-term mortality in the 80 plus years population following EGS.

Methods: Using our institutional 2008-2018 EGS Database, all the 80 plus years patients undergoing EGS were identified.

Ketamine for rapid sequence intubation in adult trauma patients: A retrospective observational study.

Background: In the trauma population, ketamine is commonly used during rapid sequence induction. However, as ketamine has been associated with important side effects, this study sought to compare in-hospital mortality in trauma patients after induction with ketamine versus other induction agents.

Methods: We retrospectively identified adult trauma patients intubated in the pre-hospital phase or initially in the trauma bay at two urban level-1 trauma centers during a 2-year period using local trauma registries and medical records.

Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection: Time is Crucial, and the Admitting Service Matters.

Early diagnosis and prompt debridement of necrotizing soft tissue infection (NSTI) improves the outcome. We sought to determine whether failure to admit NSTI patients to acute care surgery (ACS) departments delays treatment and increases the mortality rate. Patients with NSTI were identified using the 2007-2018 institutional emergency surgery database at a tertiary care hospital.

Gallbladder wall thickness as a predictor of intraoperative events during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A prospective study of 1089 patients.

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has a wide range of technical difficulty. Preoperative risk stratification is essential for adequate planning and patient counseling. We hypothesized that gallbladder wall thickness (GWT) is more objective marker than symptom duration in predicting complexity, as determined by operative time (OT), intraoperative events (IE), and postoperative complications.

The Effect of Immunosuppression on Emergency Colectomy Outcomes: A Nationwide Retrospective Analysis.

Background: The impact of immunosuppression on the outcomes of emergent surgery remains poorly described. We aimed to quantify the impact of chronic immunosuppression on outcomes of patients undergoing emergent colectomy (EC).

Methods: The Colectomy-Targeted ACS-NSQIP database 2012-2016 was queried for patients who underwent colectomy for an emergent indication.

Cervical Spine Clearance in Trauma Patients with an Unreliable Physical Examination.

Background: The objective of this study was to describe and compare the timing of cervical spine clearance in trauma patients with an unreliable physical examination.

Methods: We prospectively included adult trauma patients admitted with a cervical collar and an unreliable clinical examination (as defined by the NEXUS criteria) at two level 1 trauma centers: one in the USA (US) and one in Denmark (DK). We excluded patients with cervical spine injuries requiring a collar or surgery as treatment and patients with a collar placed after hospital arrival.

The impact of in-hospital complications on the long-term functional outcome of trauma patients: A multicenter study.

Background: The long-term consequences of in-hospital complications remain largely unknown. We sought to study the effect of complications on the long-term functional outcome of trauma patients.

Methods: Patients with an Injury Severity Score ≥ 9 admitted to 3, level I trauma centers between 2015 and 2017 were contacted 6 to 12 months postinjury and administered a validated trauma quality-of-life survey, assessing for the presence of any functional limitation.

Obesity as protective against, rather than a risk factor for, postoperative Clostridium difficile infection: A nationwide retrospective analysis of 1,426,807 surgical patients.

Background: Recent studies suggest that obesity is a risk factor for Clostridium difficile infection, possibly due to disruptions in the intestinal microbiome composition. We hypothesized that body mass index (BMI) is associated with increased incidence of C. difficile infection in surgical patients.

Spontaneous Retroperitoneal and Rectus Sheath Hemorrhage-Management, Risk Factors and Outcomes.

Background: Spontaneous retroperitoneal and rectus sheath hemorrhage (SRRSH) is associated with high mortality in the literature, but studies on the subject are lacking. The objective of this study was to identify early predictors of the need for angiographic or surgical intervention (ASI) in patients with SRRSH and define risk factors for mortality.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a tertiary academic hospital.

Hartmann's Procedure vs Primary Anastomosis with Diverting Loop Ileostomy for Acute Diverticulitis: Nationwide Analysis of 2,729 Emergency Surgery Patients.

Background: Recent small randomized trials suggest that primary anastomosis with a diverting loop ileostomy (PADLI) is a safe alternative to Hartmann's procedure (HP) for patients with acute diverticulitis necessitating emergent operation. We sought to examine the 30-day outcomes of patients undergoing emergent HP vs PADLI.

Method: Using the American College of Surgeons NSQIP Colectomy Procedure Targeted Database from 2012 to 2016, all patients with acute diverticulitis who underwent emergent HP or PADLI were identified.

Life after 90: Predictors of mortality and performance of the ACS-NSQIP risk calculator in 4,724 nonagenarian patients undergoing emergency general surgery.

Background: The decision to emergently operate on nonagenarian patients (NONAs) can be complex due to the uncertainty about outcomes and goals of care at this advanced age. We sought to study: (1) the outcomes and predictors of mortality for NONAs undergoing emergency general surgery (EGS) and (2) the accuracy of ACS-NSQIP mortality risk calculator in this special population.

Methods: Using the 2007 to 2015 ACS-NSQIP database, we included all patients older than 90 years of age who underwent an emergent operation with a Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code for "digestive system.

Cervical spinal cord injury after blunt assault: Just a pain in the neck?

Background: We aimed to determine the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI) after blunt assault.

Methods: The ACS National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) 2012 Research Data Set was used to identify victims of blunt assault using the ICD-9 E-codes 960.0, 968.

Supplemental oxygen and hyperoxemia in trauma patients: A prospective, observational study.

Background: Supplemental oxygen is recommended during the initial treatment of trauma patients according to several guidelines, but the supporting evidence is sparse. We aimed to describe the use of supplemental oxygen and occurrence of hyperoxemia in the initial phase of trauma management at two level 1 trauma centers, TC1 and TC2.

Methods: In this prospective, observational study we included trauma patients ≥16 years of age.