Prohibitin modulates periodontium differentiation in mice development.

Prohibitin (PHB) is an essential scaffold protein that modulates signaling pathways controlling cell survival, metabolism, inflammation, and bone formation. However, its specific role in periodontium development remains less understood. This study aims to elucidate the expression pattern and function of PHB in periodontium development and its involvement in alveolar bone formation.

Functional modulation of lysophosphatidic acid type 2 G-protein coupled receptor facilitates alveolar bone formation.

Lipid biosynthesis is recently studied its functions in a range of cellular physiology including differentiation and regeneration. However, it still remains to be elucidated in its precise function. To reveal this, we evaluated the roles of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling in alveolar bone formation using the LPA type 2 receptor (LPAR2) antagonist AMG-35 (Amgen Compound 35) using tooth loss without periodontal disease model which would be caused by trauma and usually requires a dental implant to restore masticatory function.

Developmental roles of glomerular epithelial protein-1 in mice molar morphogenesis.

Glomerular epithelial protein-1 (Glepp1), a R3 subtype family of receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatases, plays important role in the activation of Src family kinases and regulates cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In this study, we firstly examined the functional evaluation of Glepp1 in tooth development and morphogenesis. The precise expression level and developmental function of Glepp1 were examined by RT-qPCR, in situ hybridization, and loss and gain of functional study using a range of in vitro organ cultivation methods.

The role of O-GlcNAcylation mediated by OGT during tooth development.

To understand the mechanisms underlying tooth morphogenesis, we examined the developmental roles of important posttranslational modification, O-GlcNAcylation, which regulates protein stability and activity by the addition and removal of a single sugar (O-GlcNAc) to the serine or threonine residue of the intracellular proteins. Tissue and developmental stage-specific immunostaining results against O-GlcNAc and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) in developing tooth germs would suggest that O-GlcNAcylation is involved in tooth morphogenesis, particularly in the cap and secretory stage. To evaluate the developmental function of OGT-mediated O-GlcNAcylation, we employed an in vitro tooth germ culture method at E14.

Developmental function of Piezo1 in mouse submandibular gland morphogenesis.

Mechanically activated factors are important in organogenesis, especially in the formation of secretory organs, such as salivary glands. Piezo-type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1 (Piezo1), although previously studied as a physical modulator of the mechanotransduction, was firstly evaluated on its developmental function in this study. The detailed localization and expression pattern of Piezo1 during mouse submandibular gland (SMG) development were analyzed using immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR, respectively.

The effects of 4-Phenylbutyric acid on ER stress during mouse tooth development.

During tooth development, proper protein folding and trafficking are significant processes as newly synthesized proteins proceed to form designated tissues. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurs inevitably in tooth development as unfolded and misfolded proteins accumulate in ER. 4-Phenylbutyric acid (4PBA) is a FDA approved drug and known as a chemical chaperone which alleviates the ER stress.

Can the subject reliably reproduce maximum voluntary contraction of temporalis and masseter muscles in surface EMG?

Objective: To evaluate the repeatability of the surface EMG variables of myoelectric signals from the masseter and temporalis muscles according to three methods to induce maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) in healthy adults.

Methods: Thirty healthy young subjects performed the following three MVC tasks three times each in three sessions on the same day without replacing surface electrodes: clenching the teeth (MVCIC) and biting down on two cotton rolls bilaterally with the posterior teeth (MVCBP) or first molars (MVCB6).

Results: The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) of the amplitudes during the three MVC tasks ranged from 65 to 79%.

Facilitation of Reparative Dentin Using a Drug Repositioning Approach With 4-Phenylbutric Acid.

For hard tissue formation, cellular mechanisms, involved in protein folding, processing, and secretion play important roles in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In pathological and regeneration conditions, ER stress hinders proper formation and secretion of proteins, and tissue regeneration by unfolded protein synthesis. 4-Phenylbutyric acid (4PBA) is a chemical chaperone that alleviates ER stress through modulation in proteins folding and protein trafficking.

The effect of mucosal dryness on the electrogustometric threshold.

Electrogustometry (EGM) is one of the most useful diagnostic tools widely used to evaluate the taste function by measuring the perception threshold to electrogustatory stimuli on the tongue. However, the effects of oral environments on electrogustometric threshold (EGMT) remain to be established despite its simple applicability. Thus, this study aims to determine the effect of mucosal dryness on EGMT in 68 healthy subjects.

Facilitating Reparative Dentin Formation Using Apigenin Local Delivery in the Exposed Pulp Cavity.

Apigenin, a natural product belonging to the flavone class, affects various cell physiologies, such as cell signaling, inflammation, proliferation, migration, and protease production. In this study, apigenin was applied to mouse molar pulp after mechanically pulpal exposure to examine the detailed function of apigenin in regulating pulpal inflammation and tertiary dentin formation. cell cultivation using human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and mice model experiments were employed to examine the effect of apigenin in the pulp and dentin regeneration.

Management of Chronic Idiopathic Pain in Patients With Dental Implant Without a Clear Pathological Lesion: A Retrospective Study.

Non-nociceptive, persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP) is a poorly localized, continuous dull pain that occurs even in the absence of apparent pathological lesions or clinical neurologic deficiency. This study aimed to investigate the disease characteristics of PIFP that developed after dental implant treatment. The clinical characteristics of pain as well as treatment method and outcomes were retrospectively analyzed in 20 patients diagnosed with PIFP.

Resveratrol enhances bone formation by modulating inflammation in the mouse periodontitis model.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of resveratrol on periodontal bone regeneration after local delivery and to determine its effect on inflammatory mediators.

Background: Resveratrol is considered an anti-inflammatory polyphenolic stilbene involved in the modulation of inflammation.

Materials And Methods: Periodontitis was induced in mouse molars using a 5-day ligature model followed by the left second molar extraction and 50 µM resveratrol treatment for 1 and 2 weeks.

Implications of the specific localization of YAP signaling on the epithelial patterning of circumvallate papilla.

Circumvallate papilla (CVP) is a distinctively structured with dome-shaped apex, and the surrounding trench which contains over two hundred taste buds on the lateral walls. Although CVP was extensively studied to determine the regulatory mechanisms during organogenesis, it still remains to be elucidated the principle mechanisms of signaling regulations on morphogenesis including taste buds formation. The key role of Yes-associated protein (YAP) in the regulation of organ size and cell proliferation in vertebrates is well understood, but little is known about the role of this signaling pathway in CVP development.

Facilitation of Bone Healing Processes Based on the Developmental Function of in Tooth Loss Lesion.

In the present study, we examined the bone healing capacity of , a homeobox gene that plays essential roles in the differentiation of a range of developing tissues, and identified its putative function in palatogenesis. We applied the knocking down of in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts to examine the osteogenic potential of . Additionally, we applied in vivo periodontitis induced experiment to reveal the possible application of knockdown for 1 and 2 weeks in bone healing processes.

Experimental Animal Model Systems for Understanding Salivary Secretory Disorders.

Salivary secretory disorders are life-disrupting pathologic conditions with a high prevalence, especially in the geriatric population. Both patients and clinicians frequently feel helpless and get frustrated by the currently available therapeutic strategies, which consist mainly of palliative managements. Accordingly, to unravel the underlying mechanisms and to develop effective and curative strategies, several animal models have been developed and introduced.

Developmental Roles of FUSE Binding Protein 1 () in Tooth Morphogenesis.

FUSE binding protein 1 (), a regulator of the c-Myc transcription factor and a DNA/RNA-binding protein, plays important roles in the regulation of gene transcription and cellular physiology. In this study, to reveal the precise developmental function of , we examined the detailed expression pattern and developmental function of during tooth morphogenesis by RT-qPCR, in situ hybridization, and knock-down study using in vitro organ cultivation methods. In embryogenesis, is obviously expressed in the enamel organ and condensed mesenchyme, known to be important for proper tooth formation.

Stage-specific expression patterns of ER stress-related molecules in mice molars: Implications for tooth development.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a site where protein folding and posttranslational modifications occur, but when unfolded or misfolded proteins accumulate in the ER lumen, an unfolded protein response (UPR) occurs. A UPR activates ER-stress signalling genes, including inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (Ire1), activating transcription factor 6 (Atf6), and double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (Perk), to maintain homeostasis. The involvement of ER stress molecules in metabolic disease and hard tissue matrix formation has been established; however, an understanding of the role of ER-stress signalling molecules in tooth development is lacking.

Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 1 (VGLUT1)- and VGLUT2-containing Terminals on the Rat Jaw-closing γ-Motoneurons.

Currently, compared to jaw-closing (JC) α-motoneurons, the information on the distribution and morphology of glutamatergic synapses on the jaw-closing (JC) γ-motoneurons, which may help elucidate the mechanism of isometric contraction of the JC muscle, is very limited. This study investigated the distribution and ultrastructural features of vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1)- and VGLUT2-immunopositive (+) axon terminals (boutons) on JC γ-motoneurons by retrograde tracing with horseradish peroxidase, electron microscopic immunocytochemistry, and quantitative analysis. About 35% of the boutons on identified JC γ-motoneurons were VGLUT+, and of those, 99% were VGLUT2+.

The Effect of Applied Force on Two-Point Discrimination Threshold in the Trigeminal Region.

Aims: To determine the effect of alterations in applied force on the two-point discrimination (TPD) threshold and to evaluate whether these effects were gender- or site-dependent.

Methods: A total of 62 healthy adults were enrolled in the study and divided into two groups based on gender (men and women, n = 31 each). The TPD test was performed using a modified compass on the forehead, upper labium, and lower labium, and each site was tested with Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments (SWMs) of sizes 4.

Effects of oleanolic acid acetate on bone formation in an experimental periodontitis model in mice.

Objective: We evaluated the role of oleanolic acid acetate (OAA), a triterpenoid commonly used in the treatment of liver disorders, inflammatory diseases, and metastasis, in bone formation after tooth loss by periodontitis.

Background: Periodontitis causes the sequential degradation of the alveolar bone and associated structures, resulting in tooth loss. Several studies have attempted to regenerate the bone for implantation following tooth loss.

An endoplasmic reticulum stress regulator, Tmbim6, modulates secretory stage of mice molar.

To understand the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress in mice molar development, we studied Tmbim6 that antagonizes the unfolded protein response, using Tmbim6 knockout (KO) mice and in vitro organ cultivation with knocking down using small interfering RNA. During molar development, Tmbim6 is expressed in developing tooth at E14-E16, postnatal0 (PN0), and PN6. Mineral content in Tmbim6 KO enamel was reduced while dentin was slightly increased revealing ultrastructural changes in pattern formation of both enamel and dentin.