Enzymatic Activity and Amino Acids Production of Predominant Fungi from Traditional Meju during Soybean Fermentation.

To investigate the effect of the predominant fungal species from Korean traditional meju and doenjang on soybean fermentation, the enzymatic activity and amino acid production of twenty-two fungal strains were assessed through solid- and liquid-state soybean fermentation. Enzymatic activity analyses of solid-state fermented soybeans revealed different enzyme activities involving protease, leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), carboxypeptidase (CaP), glutaminase, γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and amylase, depending on the fungal species. These enzymatic activities significantly affected the amino acid profile throughout liquid-state fermentation.

Case series of branch retinal vein occlusion secondary to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and its surgical management.

Background: To review cases of branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) secondary to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and its surgical management and presume their mechanism.

Methods: Medical records of patients who underwent surgery for RRD between 2015 and 2019 at a single tertiary care center were retrospectively reviewed. New BRVO secondary to RRD or its surgical procedure was diagnosed based on the fundus examination and its clinical course.

Endogenous Endophthalmitis From a Klebsiella pneumoniae Liver Abscess: The Incidence, Risk Factors, and Utility of Imaging.

Purpose: We investigated the rate of ophthalmologic examinations to detect endogenous endophthalmitis in patients with pyogenic liver abscesses (PLAs) and the incidence and risk factors of endophthalmitis from a PLA caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae (PLA-K).

Design: Retrospective case series.

Methods: A total of 536 patients admitted to a university hospital in Korea to treat PLAs during 2012-2022 were included.

Clinical characteristics and risk factors for visual prognosis according to the types of infectious endophthalmitis.

Background: Endophthalmitis is a fatal ophthalmological emergency that needs prompt diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and investigate risk factors for the visual prognosis of the different types of endophthalmitis.

Methods: This retrospective study included 239 eyes diagnosed with endophthalmitis at the Pusan National University Hospital between January 2006 and December 2020.

Characteristics of Computed Tomography for Identifying Patients at High Risk of Endogenous Endophthalmitis Due to -Related Pyogenic Liver Abscess.

Endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) associated with Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae)-related pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) is one of the fatal complications of PLA and leads to loss of vision. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to save the patient’s vision.

Pathogenic Risk Factors and Associated Outcomes in the Bullous Variant of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: To compare the clinical features, treatments, and outcomes between bullous and chronic variants of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Design: Retrospective, observational case series.

Participants: Sixty-two eyes of 44 patients with bullous-variant CSC (bvCSC) and 97 eyes of 85 patients with nonbullous CSC.

Impact of signal strength on quantitative retinal and choriocapillaris flow measurement from optical coherence tomography angiography.

We evaluated the impact of signal strength (SS) on quantitative measurements from optical coherence tomography (OCTA). Twenty healthy-volunteers were included. A neutral density filter (NDF) was attached to spectral-domain OCTA (SD-OCTA) and swept-source OCTA (SS-OCTA).

Reliability and Validity of the Subjective Cognitive Complaints Questionnaire for Parkinson's Disease (SCCQ-PD).

Background And Purpose: Subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) are gaining attention as a self-perceived symptom for cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), but there are few suitable tools for assessing SCCs in PD. This study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire for assessing SCCs in PD, called the Subjective Cognitive Complaints Questionnaire for Parkinson's Disease (SCCQ-PD).

Methods: The SCCQ-PD consists of 12 yes/no questions on subjective cognitive function, and the questionnaire was completed by patients with PD (score-P) and their caregivers (score-C).

Acute lower extremity arterial thrombosis after intraocular foreign body removal under general anesthesia: A case report and review of literature.

Background: Surgery, which is a major risk factor for venous thrombosis, has rarely been considered a risk factor for arterial thrombosis. Recent studies have suggested that venous and arterial thromboses share common risk factors and have a bidirectional relationship. Accordingly, there is a growing interest in the risk of arterial thrombosis after surgery.

Atypical Retinal Hemorrhages after Vitrectomy for Idiopathic Macular Hole: Possible Toxicity of Brilliant Blue G.

Purpose: To describe the development of multiple retinal hemorrhages after uncomplicated macular hole (MH) surgery, and to determine the associated factors.

Methods: The medical records of 163 patients (167 eyes) diagnosed with idiopathic MHs and who underwent surgery at Pusan National University Hospital between March 2016 and July 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. The development of retinal hemorrhages was evaluated using ultra-widefield fundus photographs.

Hyposmia may predict development of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease.

To explore the effect of olfactory dysfunction on treatment of motor manifestations in Parkinson's disease (PD). The current longitudinal retrospective cohort study consecutively recruited 108 de novo PD patients. Of whom 29 were normosmia and 79 were hyposmia, respectively, which was determined by the Korean Version of Sniffin' Sticks Test II at the time of diagnosis.

The influence of the number of holes in the open wedge high tibial osteotomy on knee biomechanics using finite element analysis.

Background: The most significant differences of high tibial osteotomy (HTO) were found in terms of plate length, and this was related to number of holes distal region of the plate below wedge. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the biomechanical effects of three different designs medial opening wedge plates.

Hypothesis: The design of the HTO plate influenced the outcome of the biomechanics.

Complete Oculomotor Palsy after Influenza Vaccination in a Young Healthy Adult: A Case Report.

Influenza vaccines are known to have a few neurological complications, such as Guillain-Barre syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. However, oculomotor palsy caused by influenza vaccination is extremely rare. We present a case report of a 25-year-old woman without any medical history who developed complete oculomotor palsy 2 weeks after influenza vaccination.

One-year Results of Aflibercept Treatment for Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy with Good Visual Acuity.

Purpose: To evaluate the one-year efficacy of intravitreal aflibercept injection in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20 / 40 or better.

Methods: This was a multicenter retrospective study. The medical records of patients diagnosed with treatment-naïve PCV were retrospectively reviewed.

Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients with Parkinson's Disease.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of peripheral neuropathy (PNP) and its related serum metabolites in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). PNP is a type of frequent comorbidity in PD. Although the administration of levodopa has been described as a presumptive risk factor in its development, few studies have explored its effect on unmedicated PD patients.

Inosine 5'-Monophosphate to Raise Serum Uric Acid Level in Multiple System Atrophy (IMPROVE-MSA study).

The aim of this trial was to investigate the safety, tolerability, and capability of serum uric acid (UA) elevation of inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP) in multiple system atrophy (MSA). The IMPROVE-MSA trial was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients with MSA with no history of hyperuricemia-related disorders. The participants were assigned to placebo (n = 25) or IMP (n = 30) in a 1 to 1 ratio, and then followed up for 24 weeks.

Comparison of refractive deviations after phacovitrectomy according to the intraocular lens insertion method.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare refractive deviations between in-the-bag insertion, trans-scleral ciliary sulcus fixation, ciliary sulcus insertion, and ciliary sulcus insertion with optic capture after phacovitrectomy.

Study Design: Single-unit, single-surgeon, retrospective study.

Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent phacovitrectomy and intraocular lens (IOL) out-of-the-bag insertion simultaneously were retrospectively reviewed.

Emerging Concepts of Motor Reserve in Parkinson's Disease.

The concept of cognitive reserve (CR) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) explains the differences between individuals in their susceptibility to AD-related pathologies. An enhanced CR may lead to less cognitive deficits despite severe pathological lesions. Parkinson's disease (PD) is also a common neurodegenerative disease and is mainly characterized by motor dysfunction related to striatal dopaminergic depletion.

SQUARE GRID DEFORMATION ANALYSIS OF THE MACULA AND POSTOPERATIVE METAMORPHOPSIA AFTER MACULAR HOLE SURGERY.

Purpose: To investigate the correlation between postoperative metamorphopsia and macular deformation after macular hole surgery.

Methods: This study included 28 eyes of 28 patients who underwent vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane removal for an idiopathic macular hole. The retinal vasculatures were compared between preoperative and postoperative photographs, and postoperative deformation of the macula was assessed as deformation of the square grid.

Novel Prognostic Factor for Uveal Melanoma: Bioinformatics Analysis of Three Independent Cohorts.

Background/aim: Because 50% of uveal melanoma metastasize within 10 years of diagnosis, there is urgent need for accurate prognostic factors.

Materials And Methods: To identify genes that can act as prognostic factors in uveal melanoma, we performed survival analyses using three independent cohorts. Using log-rank test and univariate cox regression, genes which could stratify the prognosis in all cohorts simultaneously depending on their expression levels were selected as novel biomarkers.

Biomechanical effect of a lateral hinge fracture for a medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy: finite element study.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the biomechanical effect on the Takeuchi classification of lateral hinge fracture (LHF) after an opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO).

Methods: We performed an FE simulation for type I, type II, and type III in accordance with the Takeuchi classification. The stresses on the bone and plate, wedge micromotion, and forces on ligaments were evaluated to investigate stress-shielding effect, plate stability, and biomechanical change, respectively, in three different types of LHF HTO and with the HTO without LHF model (non-LHF) models.

Duration of room air tamponade after vitrectomy.

Purpose: To evaluate the duration of room air tamponade and its associated factors.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study METHODS: The present study reviewed the medical records of patients who received room air tamponade after vitrectomy between Jun 2015 and Dec 2016. The room air duration was assessed by patient interviews 2 weeks after surgery.

Perioperative intraretinal fluid observed using optical coherence tomography in the epiretinal membrane.

Background: Postoperative intraretinal fluid (IRF) is reportedly associated with visual outcomes after epiretinal membrane (ERM) surgery. However, preoperative IRF is common, and persistent IRF would have different impact on visual function from postoperative newly developed IRF. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the incidence rate and clinical implications of perioperative IRF in ERM.