Signatures of longitudinal spin pumping in a magnetic phase transition.

A particle current generated by pumping in the absence of gradients in potential energy, density or temperature is associated with non-trivial dynamics. A representative example is charge pumping that is associated with the quantum Hall effect and the quantum anomalous Hall effect. Spin pumping, the spin equivalent of charge pumping, refers to the emission of a spin current by magnetization dynamics.

Blue photoluminescence from active carboxyl adatoms on nanoporous anodic alumina films.

Nanoporous anodic alumina (nPAA) films formed on aluminum in lower aliphatic carboxylic acids exhibit blue self-coloring and characteristic properties such as photoluminescence (PL), electroluminescence, and electron spin resonance. The blue colors are seemingly originated from the adsorbed radicals incorporating into the oxide during the aluminum anodization. However, there is lack of reports revealing the detailed activation mechanism of the adatoms in the complexes.

Study of High Performance Nanoscale Channel Length Vertical Transistors with a Self-Aligned Blocking Layer.

A transistor design employing all vertically stacked components has attracted considerable attention due to the simplicity of the fabrication process and the high conductivity easily realized by achieving nanolevel short channel lengths with two-dimensional current paths. However, fundamental issues, specifically the blocking of the gate electrical field to the semiconductive channel layer and high leakage current at the "off" state, have impeded this configuration in becoming a major transistor design. To address these issues, it has been proposed to introduce a blocking layer (BL) with embedded hole structures and source electrode with embedded hole structures, enhancing gate field penetration and carrier modulation.

Switching to Besifovir in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Receiving Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate: A Randomized Trial.

Background/aims: Besifovir (BSV) showed comparable antiviral activity superior safety profiles to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B (CHB). However, no data are available regarding the antiviral efficacy and safety of BSV in patients with CHB who switched from long-term TDF to BSV. This study aimed to evaluate the outcome of a 48-week BSV therapy in patients with CHB who switched from long-term TDF treatment.

The Roles of Ninjurin1 and Estrogen in Modulating AOM/DSS-Induced Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer in Male Mice.

Purpose: Ninjury-induced protein 1 (Ninj1) is associated with inflammation and tumor progression and shows increased expression in various cancers. This study aimed to investigate the role of Ninj1 in colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CRC) by focusing on its interaction with 17β-estradiol (E2).

Materials And Methods: Using an azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) mouse model of colitis-associated CRC, wild-type (WT) and Ninj1 knockout (KO) male mice were treated with or without E2.

Adverse impact of metabolic dysfunction on fibrosis regression following direct-acting antiviral therapy: A multicenter study for chronic hepatitis C.

Background/aims: Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) effectively eradicate hepatitis C virus (HCV). This study investigated whether metabolic dysfunction influences the likelihood of fibrosis regression after DAA treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC).

Methods: This multicenter, retrospective study included 8,819 patients diagnosed with CHC who were treated with DAAs and achieved a sustained virological response (SVR) between January 2014 and December 2022.

Sex-specific Molecular Markers NRF2 and PD-L1 in Colon Carcinogenesis: Implications for Right-sided Colon Cancer.

Purpose: This study examined the roles of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in colon carcinogenesis, underscoring on sex and differences in tumor location.

Materials And Methods: A total of 378 participants were enrolled from Seoul National University Bundang Hospital: 88 healthy controls (HC), 139 patients with colorectal adenoma (AD), and 151 patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), methylation-specific PCR, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed utilizing tumor samples from patients and normal mucosa in the HC group.

Barrier Energy Engineering Enables Efficient Carrier Transport of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Small Organic Molecules Hybrid Thermoelectrics.

Understanding the inherent charge carrier transport mechanism within carbon nanotube-organic hybrid thermoelectric (TE) materials is crucial for enhancing their TE performance. Although various carbon nanotube-organic hybrid TE materials have been developed, the influence of the barrier energy on the TE transport mechanism within these hybrids remains elusive. Our study focuses on the engineering of barrier energy between single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and small organic molecules (SOMs) by modulating the mesomeric effects of terminal functional groups on T-shaped SOMs.

Ternary Logic Transistors Using Multi-Stacked 2D Electron Gas Channels in Ultrathin Oxide Heterostructures.

2D electron gas field-effect transistors (2DEG-FETs), employing 2DEG formed at an interface of ultrathin (≈6 nm) AlO/ZnO heterostructure as the active channel, exhibit outstanding drive current (≈215 µA), subthreshold swing (≈132 mV dec), and field effect mobility (≈49.6 cm V s) with a high on/off current ratio of ≈10. It is demonstrated that the AlO upper layer in AlO/ZnO heterostructure acts as the source/drain resistance component during transistor operations, and the applied potential to the 2DEG channel is successfully modulated by AlO thickness variations so that the threshold voltage (V) is effectively tuned.

Evolving epidemiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in South Korea: incidence, prevalence, progression, and healthcare implications from 2010 to 2022.

Background/aims: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), now the most common chronic liver worldwide, has become a significant public health concern. This study aims to analyze the evolving epidemiology of NAFLD in South Korea.

Methods: We utilized claim data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service from 2010 to 2022 to analyze NAFLD's incidence, prevalence, and progression.

Ninjurin1 deficiency differentially mitigates colorectal cancer induced by azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium in male and female mice.

This study investigated the role of Ninjurin1 (Ninj1), encoding a small transmembrane protein, in colitis-associated colon tumorigenesis in relation to sex hormones. Male and female wild-type (WT) and Ninj1 knockout (KO) mice were treated with azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), with or without testosterone propionate (TP). At week 2 (acute colitis stage), Ninj1 KO exhibited an alleviation in the colitis symptoms in both male and female mice.

Doctor and patient perceptions of sarcopenia in community-based primary care clinics: a questionnaire survey.

Purpose: Our study aims to examine perceptions of sarcopenia among doctors and patients for improved management strategies in the future.

Methods: We analyzed nine matched items from separate surveys involving 80 community-based primary care doctors, recruited online (55%) and offline (45%), and 80 community-dwelling older patients who visited 6 of the 80 primary care clinics in South Korea.

Results: Doctors had a mean age of 58.

Comparison of pediatric injury patterns before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea: a retrospective study.

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic led to significant changes in the lifestyle patterns of children and affected the patterns of pediatric injuries. This study analyzed the changing patterns of pediatric injury overall and by age groups, based on the datasets before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: This study is based on the data of patients who presented with injuries at 23 hospital emergency departments participating in the Emergency Department-based Injury In-depth Surveillance (EDIIS) conducted by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency.

MicroRNAs as commonly expressed biomarkers for sarcopenia and frailty: A systematic review.

Background: Coexistent sarcopenia and frailty is more strongly associated with adverse health outcomes than each condition alone. As the importance of coexistent sarcopenia and frailty increases, exploring their underlying mechanisms is warranted. Recently, noncoding ribonucleic acids (RNAs) have been suggested as potential biomarkers of sarcopenia and frailty.

Development of a multi-channel visible bremsstrahlung measurement system for the effective charge in the versatile experiment spherical torus (VEST).

A diagnostic system for measuring the effective charge in the versatile experiment spherical torus (VEST) has been developed. The system utilizes a toroidal array to observe the plasma radius on the low magnetic field side, providing a spatially resolved Zeff. The target wavelength of visible bremsstrahlung (VB) was carefully selected to avoid contamination by line emissions.

Biohydrogen upgradation and wastewater treatment in 3-chambered bioelectrochemical system assisted with H/O-based redox reactions.

The current need for the upgradation of biohydrogen generation and contaminant removal in two-chambered microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) compels the design of alternatives i.e. bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) to conventional reactors.

Trimethylamine N-oxide: a meta-organismal axis linking the gut and fibrosis.

Background: Tissue fibrosis is a common pathway to failure in many organ systems and is the cellular and molecular driver of myriad chronic diseases that are incompletely understood and lack effective treatment. Recent studies suggest that gut microbe-dependent metabolites might be involved in the initiation and progression of fibrosis in multiple organ systems.

Main Body Of The Manuscript: In a meta-organismal pathway that begins in the gut, gut microbiota convert dietary precursors such as choline, phosphatidylcholine, and L-carnitine into trimethylamine (TMA), which is absorbed and subsequently converted to trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) via the host enzyme flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) in the liver.

Impacts of smoking on alcoholic liver disease: a nationwide cohort study.

Objectives: Smoking is a preventable risk factor for morbidity and mortality in patients with liver disease. This study aims to explore the additional risks of smoking in the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in high-risk drinkers.

Methods: Data from the National Health Insurance Service, including claims and health check-up information spanning 2011 to 2017, were used.

Harmonic errors of a 9.4 T all-REBCO NMR magnet affected by screening current and geometric inconsistency of coated conductors.

REBa Cu O (REBCO, RE = rare earth)-coated conductor is a competitive option in terms of current-carrying capacity and high-stress durability in developing high-field magnets for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) research. Meanwhile, a technical challenge in utilizing a stand-alone REBCO NMR magnet is an unexpected difference in the field uniformity between the designed and measured values after being constructed and charged, i.e.

Highly Sustainable h-BN Encapsulated MoS Hydrogen Evolution Catalysts.

Despite the importance of the stability of the 2D catalysts in harsh electrolyte solutions, most studies have focused on improving the catalytic performance of molybdenum disulfide (MoS) catalysts rather than the sustainability of hydrogen evolution. In previous studies, the vulnerability of MoS crystals is reported that the moisture and oxygen molecules can cause the oxidation of MoS crystals, accelerating the degradation of crystal structure. Therefore, optimization of catalytic stability is crucial for approaching practical applications in 2D catalysts.

Reassessing the Impact of Coffee Consumption on Liver Disease: Insights from a Large-Scale Cohort Study with IPTW Adjustment.

Coffee consumption is globally widespread and has become a lifestyle habit. This study investigated coffee consumption and liver-related survival in a large cohort of 455,870 individuals with UK biobank, categorized into without steatosis, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and MASLD and increased alcohol intake (MetALD). Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) adjusted for confounding variables was used, followed by Kaplan-Meier analysis.