A Review of Current Digital Mental Health Care Applications for Anxiety Symptoms and Future Prospects.

Objective: Since the impact of the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic, the need for efficiency in medical services has become more urgent than ever. The digital treatment market is rapidly growing worldwide and digital therapeutics (DTx), a major part of the digital medical services, is also emerging as a new paradigm for treatment, with its industry growing rapidly as well. Increasing research is done on the effectiveness of mobile DTx in improving mental health conditions such as insomnia, panic, and depression.

Photobiocidal Activity of TiO/UHMWPE Composite Activated by Reduced Graphene Oxide under White Light.

Herein, we introduce a photobiocidal surface activated by white light. The photobiocidal surface was produced through thermocompressing a mixture of titanium dioxide (TiO), ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) powders. A photobiocidal activity was not observed on UHMWPE-TiO.

Development of an innovative approach using portable eye tracking to assist ADHD screening: a machine learning study.

Introduction: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects a significant proportion of the pediatric population, making early detection crucial for effective intervention. Eye movements are controlled by brain regions associated with neuropsychological functions, such as selective attention, response inhibition, and working memory, and their deficits are related to the core characteristics of ADHD. Herein, we aimed to develop a screening model for ADHD using machine learning (ML) and eye-tracking features from tasks that reflect neuropsychological deficits in ADHD.

Measures of Connectivity and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Volumes and Depressive Symptoms Following Treatment With Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors in Adolescents.

Importance: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are considered a first-line pharmacological treatment for adolescent depression with moderate or higher levels of symptom severity. Thus, it is important to understand neurobiological changes related to SSRIs during the course of treatment for adolescents with depression.

Objective: To examine neurobiological changes associated with SSRI treatment in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) by measuring longitudinal changes in volume and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), a core region of cognitive control.

Outcomes After Endovascular Treatment of Direct Carotid Cavernous Fistulas: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Direct carotid cavernous fistulas (dCCF) involve pathologic shunting from the internal carotid artery into the cavernous sinus. We systematically reviewed the methods and outcomes of endovascular therapy for dCCF.

Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE were used to identify studies that reported outcomes for patients undergoing embolization of dCCF.

Alteration of cortical functional networks in mood disorders with resting-state electroencephalography.

Studies comparing bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are scarce, and the neuropathology of these disorders is poorly understood. This study investigated source-level cortical functional networks using resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) in patients with BD and MDD. EEG was recorded in 35 patients with BD, 39 patients with MDD, and 42 healthy controls (HCs).

Reduced Volume of a Brainstem Substructure in Adolescents with Problematic Smartphone Use.

Objectives: Despite the growing concern regarding the adverse effects related to problematic smartphone use (PSU), little is known about underlying morphologic changes in the brain. The brainstem is a deep brain structure that consists of several important nuclei associated with emotions, sensations, and motor functions. In this study, we sought to examine the difference in the volume of brainstem substructures among adolescents with and without PSU.

Machine-learning-based diagnosis of drug-naive adult patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder using mismatch negativity.

Relatively little is investigated regarding the neurophysiology of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Mismatch negativity (MMN) is an event-related potential component representing pre-attentive auditory processing, which is closely associated with cognitive status. We investigated MMN features as biomarkers to classify drug-naive adult patients with ADHD and healthy controls (HCs).

Caudate nucleus volume mediates the link between glutamatergic neurotransmission and problematic smartphone use in youth.

Background And Aims: Problematic smartphone use (PSU) is growing rapidly among teens. It has similar presentations as other behavioral addictions in terms of excessive use, impulse control problems, and negative consequences. However, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain undiscovered.

The Thirty-First Year Journey, the Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

Objectives: The Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (JKACAP) has had a 31 year-long history, sharing research and reviews of children and adolescents' mental health to promote voluntary participation and communication of the members of this society. Here, we have reviewed the detailed history of the journal from the perspective of developmental progression of JKACAP and discussed the direction of further development.

Methods & Results: We reviewed the journey of the journal by focusing on the effort it took to take the journal to a global standard, and discussed the future direction of progress of JKACAP, based on the opinions raised at the Editor-in-Chiefs' reunion.

Altered cortical functional network in drug-naive adult male patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A resting-state electroencephalographic study.

Relatively little is known about the neurophysiology of adult Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Brain network analysis can yield important insights into the neuropathology in adult ADHD. The objective of this study was to investigate source-level cortical functional network using resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) in drug-naive adult patients with ADHD.

The indirect effect of peer problems on adolescent depression through nucleus accumbens volume alteration.

Literature suggests that neurobiological factors such as brain structure play an important role in linking social stress with depression in adolescence. We aimed to examine the role of subcortical volumetric alteration in the association between peer problems as one type of social stress and adolescent depression. We hypothesized that there would be indirect effects of peer problems on adolescent depression through subcortical volumetric alteration.

Mismatch negativity indices and functional outcomes in unipolar and bipolar depression.

The aim of the study was to explore the association between functional outcomes and mismatch negativity (MMN) activity in participants with mood disorders. The study participants were 27 subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD), 29 subjects with bipolar disorder (BD), and 33 healthy controls who performed a passive auditory oddball paradigm while electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. Peak amplitudes and source activity of the MMN were compared across groups.

Corrigendum: Anatomical and Neurochemical Correlates of Parental Verbal Abuse: A Combined MRS-Diffusion MRI Study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.

Increase of orexin A in the peripheral blood of adolescents with Internet gaming disorder.

Background And Aims: Overindulgence in Internet gaming, which is related to rapid development of the online game industry, can cause a psychiatric disorder known as Internet gaming disorder (IGD). The number of adolescents with IGD is on the rise in countries with developed Internet technologies, such as South Korea. Therefore, it is important to develop biomarkers to detect patients at high risk of IGD.

Prediction of sleep side effects following methylphenidate treatment in ADHD youth.

Objective: Sleep problems is the most common side effect of methylphenidate (MPH) treatment in ADHD youth and carry potential to negatively impact long-term self-regulatory functioning. This study aimed to examine whether applying machine learning approaches to pre-treatment demographic, clinical questionnaire, environmental, neuropsychological, genetic, and neuroimaging features can predict sleep side effects following MPH administration.

Method: The present study included 83 ADHD subjects as a training dataset.

Exploring characteristic features of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: findings from multi-modal MRI and candidate genetic data.

The current study examined whether machine learning features best distinguishing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from typically developing children (TDC) can explain clinical phenotypes using multi-modal neuroimaging and genetic data. Cortical morphology, diffusivity scalars, resting-state functional connectivity and polygenic risk score (PS) from norepinephrine, dopamine and glutamate genes were extracted from 47 ADHD and 47 matched TDC. Using random forests, classification accuracy was measured for each uni- and multi-modal model.

Anatomical and Neurochemical Correlates of Parental Verbal Abuse: A Combined MRS-Diffusion MRI Study.

Despite the critical impact of parental dialog on children who remain physically and psychologically dependent, most studies have focused on brain alterations in people exposed to moderate-to-high levels of emotional maltreatment with/without psychopathology. We measured metabolites in the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC) acquired with single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and anatomical connectivity assessed with probabilistic tractography in 46 healthy young adults who experienced no-to-low level parental verbal abuse (paVA) during their childhood and adolescence. The partial least square regression (PLSR) model showed that individual variance of perceived paVA was associated with chemical properties and structural connectivity of pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC; prediction = 0.

Acute Rotator Cuff Tears due to Low Voltage Electrical Injury: A Case Report.

Since shoulder have a higher proportion of muscle which would have low electrical resistance, there could be more electrical damage to the rotator cuff muscles. We present a patient with acute rotator cuff tear by sudden uncontrolled jerking contractions caused by an electrical shock. A case of 42-year-old man with acute rotator cuff tear due to electrical injury to the shoulder was presented.