Northern Hemisphere sea ice variability in a transient CGCM simulation of the past 2.6 Ma.

The recent sea ice changes in the Northern Hemisphere (NH), necessitate elucidating the sea ice variability over the past 2.6 million years (Ma), when the Earth's glacial cycles transitioned from ∼41 to ∼100 kyr periodicity, following the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT) period (0.7-1.

Unraveling the role of the western North Pacific circulation anomaly in modulating Indian summer monsoon rainfall variability beyond ENSO.

The Indian summer monsoon (ISM) rainfall interannual variability is known to be strongly linked to the El-Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). This linear relationship is the primary factor in controlling the interannual variation in ISM precipitation. However, there are many outlier cases, and such deviations pose significant challenges in seasonal prediction over this region.

Ocean fronts as decadal thermostats modulating continental warming hiatus.

Over the past decade, an unexpected cooling trend has been observed in East Asia and North America during winter. Climate model simulations suggest that this pattern of stalled warming, besides accelerated warming, will repeat throughout the course of global warming, influenced by the natural decade-long variations in the climate system. However, understanding the exact factors affecting the pace of warming remains a challenge.

Tropical origins of the record-breaking 2020 summer rainfall extremes in East Asia.

The East Asian countries have experienced heavy rainfalls in boreal summer 2020. Here, we investigate the dynamical processes driving the rainfall extremes in East Asia during July and August. The Indian Ocean basin warming in June can be responsible for the anticyclonic anomalies in the western North Pacific (WNP), which modulate the zonally-elongated rainfalls in East Asia during July through an atmospheric Rossby wave train.

A global-scale multidecadal variability driven by Atlantic multidecadal oscillation.

Observational analysis shows that there is a predominant global-scale multidecadal variability (GMV) of sea-surface temperature (SST). Its horizontal pattern resembles that of the interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO) in the Pacific and the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) in the Atlantic Ocean, which could affect global precipitation and temperature over the globe. Here, we demonstrate that the GMV could be driven by the AMO through atmospheric teleconnections and atmosphere-ocean coupling processes.

Predicting El Niño Beyond 1-year Lead: Effect of the Western Hemisphere Warm Pool.

Due to the profound impact of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on global climate and weather, extensive research has been devoted to its prediction. However, prediction accuracy based on observation is still insufficient and largely limited to less than one year of lead time. In this study, we demonstrate the possibility that anomalous sea surface temperature (SST) warming (cooling) in the Western Hemisphere Warm Pool (WHWP, a.

Ganoderma Lucidum Pharmacopuncture for Teating Ethanol-induced Chronic Gastric Ulcers in Rats.

Objectives: The stomach is a sensitive digestive organ that is susceptible to exogenous pathogens from the diet. In response to such pathogens, the stomach induces oxidative stress, which might be related to the development of both gastric organic disorders such as gastritis, gastric ulcers, and gastric cancer, and functional disorders such as functional dyspepsia. This study was accomplished to investigate the effect of Ganoderma lucidum pharmacopuncture (GLP) on chronic gastric ulcers in rats.

Ganoderma lucidum Pharmacopuncture for the Treatment of Acute Gastric Ulcers in Rats.

Objectives: The gastric ulcer is a common disorder of the stomach and duodenum. The basic physiopathology of a gastric ulcer results from an imbalance between some endogenous aggressive and cytoprotective factors. This study examined whether Ganoderma lucidum pharmacopuncture (GLP) would provide protection against acute gastric ulcers in rats.

Anatomic motor point localization of the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles.

Injection of the neurolytic agents into motor points of the biceps brachii or brachialis muscles is an effective treatment of spasticity of the elbow flexors in many stroke survivors. Accurate localization of the motor points of each muscle is necessary for enhancing the efficacy of motor point blocks. To identify the precise locations of the motor points (terminal nerve endings) of the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles in relation to anatomic surface landmarks for motor point blocks, we dissected 23 limbs from 12 cadavers.

Voxel-based statistical analysis of cerebral blood flow using Tc-99m ECD brain SPECT in patients with traumatic brain injury: group and individual analyses.

Purpose: Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was applied to brain perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) to investigate regional cerebral abnormalities compared to age-matched normal controls.

Method: Thirteen patients with TBI underwent brain perfusion SPECT were included in this study (10 males, three females, mean age 39.8 +/- 18.

Intrathecal movement and tension of the lumbosacral roots induced by straight-leg raising.

Objective: To obtain quantitative biomechanical data on the effects of different angles of straight-leg raising on intrathecal movements and tensions in the lumbosacral nerve roots in human cadavers.

Design: Eight embalmed human cadavers with no gross spinal pathology and no limitations in hip motion were used. We performed reverse straight-leg raising by hanging the left leg down from the table with the knee extended while measuring the movement and tension of nerve roots L2, L3, L4, L5, and S1 in 10-degree intervals for straight-leg raising from 0 to 70 degrees.

Variability in conduction of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve.

The purpose of this study was to establish a reliable technique for assessing conduction in the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN), bearing in mind its anatomical variation. Based on our anatomical study, normative values were obtained in 40 healthy nerves. The optimal stimulation site was located 1 cm or more media 16470526 l to the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) in 93% of cases and over the ASIS in 7%.

Comparison between conventional cystometry and stimulated filling cystometry by diuretics in a neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury.

Objective: To determine in the neurogenic bladder whether cystometry performed under near physiologic condition by filling stimulation using diuretics reveals different findings compared with conventional cystometry (CMG).

Design: One group of subjects from a university teaching hospital was tested in two conditions. The maximum detrusor pressure (MPdet) and compliance of the bladder in CMG and furosemide-stimulated filling cystometry (FCMG) were compared in 27 patients with neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury.