Photoluminescence probing of light absorption centers at silica laser damage.

We use photoluminescence (PL) imaging to study damage growth precursors within laser damage sites on the surface of silica. Damage site evolution is induced by multiple shots of UV nanosecond pulsed laser at various energy densities and monitored throughout the early stages of growth. Wide-field PL imaging rapidly locates microscopic light absorption centers within the silica damage site.

LY-2183240 enhances reward-seeking behavior with inducing neuronal excitation and early apoptosis in mouse.

Cannabinoids interact with cannabinoid receptors, influencing diverse central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral functions, including anxiety, depression, and cognition. CB1 and CB2 receptors modulate signaling cascades via G-protein coupling, with anandamide acting as an endogenous ligand for CB1 receptors. LY-2183240, a putative endocannabinoid transport blocker, elevates brain anandamide levels, showing therapeutic potential in pain management and alcohol-related behaviors.

Tanner's target height formula underestimates final adult height in Korean adolescents and young adults: reassessment of target height based on the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2019.

Objective: Estimating children's target height (TH) plays an important role in diagnosing, evaluating and treating many paediatric endocrinological diseases. However, in many countries, employing Tanner's formula to predict children's final adult height (FAH) is considered misleading. Therefore, this study aimed to re-evaluate the validity of Tanner's formula for predicting the TH of Korean adolescents and young adults and develop a new formula suitable for Korean children.

The compartment-specific manipulation of the NAD/NADH ratio affects the metabolome and the function of glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive type of cancer in the brain and has an inferior prognosis because of the lack of suitable medicine, largely due to its tremendous invasion. GBM has selfish metabolic pathways to promote migration, invasion, and proliferation compared to normal cells. Among various metabolic pathways, NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is essential in generating ATP and is used as a resource for cancer cells.

A Review of Current Digital Mental Health Care Applications for Anxiety Symptoms and Future Prospects.

Objective: Since the impact of the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic, the need for efficiency in medical services has become more urgent than ever. The digital treatment market is rapidly growing worldwide and digital therapeutics (DTx), a major part of the digital medical services, is also emerging as a new paradigm for treatment, with its industry growing rapidly as well. Increasing research is done on the effectiveness of mobile DTx in improving mental health conditions such as insomnia, panic, and depression.

Photobiocidal Activity of TiO/UHMWPE Composite Activated by Reduced Graphene Oxide under White Light.

Herein, we introduce a photobiocidal surface activated by white light. The photobiocidal surface was produced through thermocompressing a mixture of titanium dioxide (TiO), ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) powders. A photobiocidal activity was not observed on UHMWPE-TiO.

Astrocytic PAR1 and mGluR2/3 control synaptic glutamate time course at hippocampal CA1 synapses.

Astrocytes play an essential role in regulating synaptic transmission. This study describes a novel form of modulation of excitatory synaptic transmission in the mouse hippocampus by astrocytic G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). We have previously described astrocytic glutamate release via protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) activation, although the regulatory mechanisms for this are complex.

Intravascular guide wire aspiration in a patient on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A case report.

Rationale: Guide wire aspiration during central venous catheter (CVC) insertion in a patient on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a very rare but dangerous complication. A guide wire aspirated inside the ECMO can cause thrombosis, the ECMO to break down or shut off, and unnecessary ECMO replacement.

Patient Concerns: A 58-year-old man was scheduled for venovenous ECMO for acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Sigmoid Colon Cancer Masked by Refractory Diverticulitis With Abscess.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) can occasionally coexist with diverticulitis, thereby complicating diagnosis and treatment. In cases of refractory diverticulitis, it is important to consider the possibility of malignancy and determine appropriate treatment strategies. An 85-year-old male presented with lower left abdominal pain; he was admitted for further examination and the treatment of suspected sigmoid diverticulitis.

Effect of glycopyrrolate on the postoperative urine output of patients following kidney transplantation: a retrospective observational study.

Objectives: To compare the urine output and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of patients postoperatively administered sugammadex or glycopyrrolate 7 days following kidney transplantation (KT).

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 134 consecutive patients who underwent KT under general anesthesia. Their urine output and eGFR were recorded every 24 hours between postoperative day (POD) 1 and 7.

Risk Factors of the 2-Year Mortality after Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty for Displaced Femoral Neck Fracture.

Purpose: This study investigates the relationship between preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio (LCR), albumin, and 2-year mortality in elderly patients having hemiarthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fracture (FNF).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 284 elderly patients who underwent hemiarthroplasty for Garden type IV FNF from September 2014 to September 2020. Using the receiver operating characteristic curve, optimal cutoff values for LCR, NLR, and albumin were established, and patients were categorized as low or high.

Fluorescence lifetime measurements using photon pair correlations generated via spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC).

We have used photon pair correlations generated via spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) to measure the fluorescence lifetime of the organic dye rhodamine 6 G, demonstrating that fluorescence lifetime measurements can be achieved using a continuous wave (CW) laser, without pulsed or modulated lasers. Our entangled photon method, quantum fluorescence lifetime (Q-FL) measurements, uses one photon to excite fluorescence and the resulting fluorescence photon is timed and referenced to the arrival time of the other entangled photon. Thus, we can exploit the short timescale of photon pair correlations to conduct experiments that are typically carried out with pulsed lasers and we show that the inherent timing of the photons is fast enough to resolve the nanosecond scale fluorescence lifetime of the sample.

Measures of Connectivity and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Volumes and Depressive Symptoms Following Treatment With Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors in Adolescents.

Importance: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are considered a first-line pharmacological treatment for adolescent depression with moderate or higher levels of symptom severity. Thus, it is important to understand neurobiological changes related to SSRIs during the course of treatment for adolescents with depression.

Objective: To examine neurobiological changes associated with SSRI treatment in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) by measuring longitudinal changes in volume and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), a core region of cognitive control.

Activation of NFAT by HGF and IGF-1 via ARF6 and its effector ASAP1 promotes uveal melanoma metastasis.

Preventing or effectively treating metastatic uveal melanoma (UM) is critical because it occurs in about half of patients and confers a very poor prognosis. There is emerging evidence that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) promote metastasis and contribute to the striking metastatic hepatotropism observed in UM metastasis. However, the molecular mechanisms by which HGF and IGF-1 promote UM liver metastasis have not been elucidated.

Ultrasonographic Localization of Parotid Gland Tumor Relative to the Facial Nerve Using Stensen's Duct Criterion.

Purpose: During the preoperative evaluation of parotid gland tumors, one of the main concerns is to determine the location of the tumors in relation to the facial nerve. This study aims to assess the value of ultrasound for determining the location of parotid gland tumors in relation to the facial nerve using Stensen's duct.

Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study at a single institute.

4-EA-NBOMe, an amphetamine derivative, alters glutamatergic synaptic transmission through 5-HT receptors on cortical neurons from SpragueDawley rat and pyramidal neurons from C57BL/6 mouse.

New psychoactive substances (NPSs) are compounds designed to mimic illegal recreational drugs. In particular, there are difficulties in legal restrictions because there is no fast NPS detection method to suppress the initial spread of NPS with criminal records; thus, they expose the public to serious health threats, including toxicity and dependence. However, the effects of NPSs on the brain and the related cellular mechanisms are well unknown.

Type I Interferon Signaling Is Critical During the Innate Immune Response to HSV-1 Retinal Infection.

Purpose: Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is a herpesvirus infection of the retina with blinding complications. In this study, we sought to create a reproducible mouse model of ARN that mimics human disease to better understand innate immunity within the retina during virus infection.

Methods: C57Bl/6J wild type (WT) and type I interferon receptor-deficient (IFNAR-/-) mice were infected with varying amounts of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) via subretinal injection.

Effect of anesthetics on postoperative nausea and vomiting after peripheral vascular surgery in end-stage renal disease patients: A retrospective observational study.

Background: Propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) is considered a prophylactic approach to decrease postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Despite general anesthesia commonly being performed in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, PONV in ESRD patients has not been well-described. We investigated PONV in peripheral vascular surgery under general anesthesia in ESRD patients.