Changes in the length of the medial patellofemoral ligament: an in vivo analysis using 3-dimensional computed tomography.

Background: The ideal points for medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction have not been precisely defined.

Purpose: To determine at which flexion angles the grafts should be fixed to best restore patellar stability as well as to compare the length change of various femoral and patellar fixation sites for current MPFL reconstruction during knee flexion in vivo.

Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study.

Anterior knee pain after tibial intramedullary nailing using a medial paratendinous approach.

Objectives: To determine the incidence, severity, and etiology of anterior knee pain after tibial intramedullary (IM) nailing using a medial paratendinous approach and to investigate the association between anterior knee pain and functional impairment.

Design: Retrospective study with current clinical and radiographic assessments.

Setting: Level I trauma center.