Multidisciplinary management of a large microcystic congenital pulmonary airway malformation: case report and literature review.

Introduction: Congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAMs) are rare sporadic lesions frequently associated with poor fetal prognosis. Type 3 CPAMs are characterized by small hyperechogenic cysts (<5 mm). Hydrops often develops secondarily, and the fetal survival rate is approximately 5% in this setting.

Parotid gland pleomorphic adenoma re-operations with regard to patient and surgeon satisfaction: what can be improved?

Background: Surgery, the treatment of choice for parotid pleomorphic adenoma (PA), is associated with facial nerve palsy and decreased quality of life. Re-operation for PA recurrence (rPA) significantly increases these risks and constitutes a dilemma for both patient and surgeon. Factors influencing the success of re-operation, as well as the self-reported satisfaction of both sides, have yet to be addressed in the literature.

SGLT2 Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Heart Failure-A Concise Review.

The incidence of both diabetes mellitus type 2 and heart failure is rapidly growing, and the diseases often coexist. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a new antidiabetic drug class that mediates epithelial glucose transport at the renal proximal tubules, inhibiting glucose absorption-resulting in glycosuria-and therefore improving glycemic control. Recent trials have proven that SGLT2i also improve cardiovascular and renal outcomes, including reduced cardiovascular mortality and fewer hospitalizations for heart failure.

Can Overnutrition Lead to Wasting?-The Paradox of Diabetes Mellitus in End-Stage Renal Disease Treated with Maintenance Hemodialysis.

Background: The population of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) may be at increased risk of protein energy wasting (PEW). The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of DM on selected indicators of PEW in the ESRD population that was undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).

Methods: A total of 515 MHD patients were divided into two subgroups with and without DM.

Aspects of the Tumor Microenvironment Involved in Immune Resistance and Drug Resistance.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and ever-changing "rogue organ" composed of its own blood supply, lymphatic and nervous systems, stroma, immune cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). These complex components, utilizing both benign and malignant cells, nurture the harsh, immunosuppressive and nutrient-deficient environment necessary for tumor cell growth, proliferation and phenotypic flexibility and variation. An important aspect of the TME is cellular crosstalk and cell-to-ECM communication.

Is the 3D exoscope better than the surgical microscope in parotid surgery: a prospective, randomized single-center study.

Background: High-definition, three-dimensional (3D) exoscopes are being used to perform a growing number of head and neck surgeries. However, the use of the 3D exoscope in parotid gland surgery has not been previously described. Our initial experience with the VITOM 3D exoscope in the surgical treatment of parotid gland tumors is detailed here.

The impact of accurate documentation of parotid tumor operative reports on secondary surgical procedure.

Objective: To develop a comprehensive operative report schema based on the accuracy of primary operative reports (OpR) assessed on a department's experience with parotid gland tumor re-operations.

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Setting: A tertiary referral center, the Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland from 2008 to 2017.

Expression of p16 protein in pleomorphic adenoma and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma proves diversity of tumour biology and predicts clinical course.

Aims: The aim of the study is to correlate p16 expression with the clinical courses of pleomorphic adenoma (PA), its malignant transformation (CaexPA) and treatment outcomes.

Methods: Retrospective analysis (1998-2019) of 47 CaexPA, 148 PA and 22 normal salivary gland samples was performed. PAs were divided into two subsets: clinically 'slow' tumours characterised by stable size or slow growth; and 'fast' tumours with rapid growth rate.

Multifaceted Sexual Dysfunction in Dialyzing Men and Women: Pathophysiology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics.

Patient survival continues to increase with the growing quality of dialysis and management of chronic kidney disease (CKD). As such, chronic therapy must include considerations of quality of life (QOL), and this includes the disproportionate prevalence of sexual dysfunction (SD) in this patient population. This review aims to describe the pathophysiological and the psychosocial causes of SD with regard to renal replacement therapy, particularly hemo- and peritoneal dialysis.

Salivary Gland Pleomorphic Adenomas Presenting With Extremely Varied Clinical Courses. A Single Institution Case-Control Study.

Objective: Pleomorphic adenomas (PAs) with divergent clinical behavior, differing from the vast majority of PAs, were distinguished. "Fast" PAs are characterized by an unexpectedly short medical history and relatively rapid growth. The reference group consisted of "slow" PAs with very stable biology and long-term progression.

SARS-CoV-2: Pathogenesis, and Advancements in Diagnostics and Treatment.

The emergence and rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019 has brought the world to a standstill. While less pathogenic than the 2002-2003 SARS-CoV, this novel presents a global threat due to its high transmission rate, ability to invade multiple tissues, and ability to trigger immunological hyperactivation. The identification of the animal reservoir and intermediate host were important steps toward slowing the spread of disease, and its genetic similarity to SARS-CoV has helped to determine pathogenesis and direct treatment strategies.

"A case report: Co-occurrence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy and multiple sclerosis".

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a chronic pathological condition characterized by progressive accumulation of amyloid protein in the wall of cerebral blood vessels, both leptomeningeal and cortical. That may result in the development of such conditions as microaneurysms, hemorrhagic, ischaemic brain injury and contribute to cognitive impairment. We herein report a case of Iowa-type hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) mutation diagnosed with MS.