A Comparison of the Composition of Selected Commercial Sandalwood Oils with the International Standard.

Sandalwood oils are highly desired but expensive, and hence many counterfeit oils are sold in high street shops. The study aimed to determine the content of oils sold under the name sandalwood oil and then compare their chromatographic profile and α- and β santalol content with the requirements of ISO 3518:2002. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry analysis found that none of the six tested "sandalwood" oils met the ISO standard, especially in terms of α-santalol content.

[Analysis of volatile ingredients of selected essential oils listing relaxing action].

Background: Stress is a result of disturbed homeostasis and can contribute to the development of many diseases. One of the methods of combating stress is aromatherapy, which uses essential oils with a calming and relaxing effect. The aim of the work was to perform a qualitative analysis of selected essential oils with a relaxing effect.

[Comparison of chemical composition of selected essential oils used in respiratory diseases].

Background: Essential oils are fragrances extracted from plants. They have a smooth consistency and pleasant smell. Essential oils have been applied in aromatherapy, cosmetics, food and pharmaceutical products.

[ORGANOPHOSPHORUS FLAME RETARDANTS - TOXICITY AND INFLUENCE ON HUMAN HEALTH].

Organophosphorus flame retardants (flame retardants, FRs) have been used for several decades in many industries, including the production of dyes, varnishes, adhesives, synthetic resins, polyvinyl chloride, hydraulic fluids, plastics and textiles. Their importance in recent times has increased due to i.a.

Soft-tissue aneurysmal bone cyst with translocation t(17;17)(p13;q21) corresponding to COL1A1 and USP6 loci.

We present the case of a 46-year-old woman with no significant past medical history who developed left mid-thigh pain and fullness. Imaging demonstrated a mineralized soft-tissue mass, which increased in size during a year of monitoring, but retained a circumscribed appearance. The mass was located in the medial soft tissues of the thigh, separate from the bone on imaging studies, and this finding was confirmed during excision.

Selected oxidative stress parameters after single and repeated administration of octabromodiphenyl ether to rats.

Objectives: Octabromodiphenyl ether (OctaBDE) was used as a flame retardant applied mostly in the manufacture of plastics utilized in the electrical and electronic industries. Owing to its long half-life and being regarded as an environmental pollutant, OctaBDE, like other polybrominated diphenyl ethers, has been classified as a persistent organic pollutant (POP). This study was carried out to assess the effects of oxidative stress (redox homeostasis) induced in rats by OctaBDE.

Octabromodiphenyl ether - porphyrogenicity after repeated administration to rats.

Objectives: Octabromodiphenyl ether (OctaBDE) is a flame retardant which has been withdrawn from common use due to its negative effect on the environment. The literature data regarding its toxicity addresses its effect on liver function, the endocrine and reproductive systems, as well as its developmental toxicology aspects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of repeated administration of OctaBDE on heme biosynthesis in rats.

The effect of short-term intoxication of rats with pentabromodiphenyl ether (in mixture mimic commercial products).

Until quite recently, pentabromodiphenyl ether (PentaBDE) was most commonly used as a flame retardant. Due to the considerably long atmospheric half-life of PentaBDE and its contribution to environmental pollution, it is categorized as a persistent organic pollutant (POP). As the data on the toxicity of PentaBDE is rather scarce, its potential acute toxicity was the subject of this study.

Toxicity of penta- and decabromodiphenyl ethers after repeated administration to rats: a comparative study.

Until recently, pentabromodiphenyl (PentaBDE) and decabromodiphenyl (DecaBDE) ethers were commonly used as flame retardants in a wide array of products, mostly in the production of plastics utilized in the electric, electronic and textile industries. The aim of this study was to compare the toxicity of PentaBDE and DecaBDE after their repeated (7-28 days) intragastric administration to rats. The compounds were given at doses of 2, 8, 40 or 200 mg/kg/day (PentaBDE) and 10, 100 or 1,000 mg/kg/day (DecaBDE).

The effect of repeated administration of selected benzene bromoderivatives on the liver catalase activity in rats.

Objectives: Hexabromobenzene (HBB) is used as a flame retardant mainly added to plastics, timber and textiles. Tetrabromobenzene (TBB) is its metabolite. Both these compounds are present in the environment and in human and animal tissues.

The effect of selected aromatic bromine derivatives on the activity of glutathione peroxidase and transferase.

Objectives: Glutathione (GSH) is an important element of antioxidative barrier. Its biological function consists in eliminating oxygen free radicals. It also acts as a co-substrate in numerous enzymatic reactions catalyzed by glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST).

Partial trisomy 2q: report of a patient with dup (2)(q33.1q35).

The partial trisomy 2q phenotype has been well described in the literature, primarily through cases of unbalanced translocations. While these reports contributed to the initial delineation of the phenotype, reports of de novo duplications are valuable in that they exist in the absence of an accompanying monosomy. We describe a 16-month-old female with a de novo duplication of 2q from bands q33.

Effect of repeated administration of hexabromobenzene and 1,2,4,5-tetrabromobenzene on the levels of selected cytochromes in rat liver.

Objectives: Hexabromobenzene (HBB) is a flame retardant, which added to polymers, plastics, textiles, wood or paper, decreases the amount of carbon monoxide and heat release during fire. HBB is also formed as a result of decabromodiphenyl oxide pyrolysis or natural decabromobiphenyl ether debromination as the effect of photolysis. 1,2,4,5-Tetrabromobenzene (1,2,4,5-tetraBB) is a compound formed in the body as a metabolite of HBB.

Comparison of tissue distribution and metabolism of 1,2- and 1,4-dibromobenzenes in female rats.

The distribution, excretion and metabolism of 1,4-dibromobenzene (1,4-DBB) and 1,2-dibromobenzene (1,2-DBB), following a single intraperitoneal administration to female Wistar rats, were investigated using radiotracer 3H and GC-MS technique. The maximum level of 3H after 1,4-DBB administration was detected in all examined rat tissues between 4 and 24 h foltowing the injection. The highest concentrations of 3H were found in fat tissue, muscles, adrenal glands and sciatic nerve.

Acute and subacute nephrotoxicity of 2-bromophenol in rats.

The present report aims at providing broader information on the acute nephrotoxicity of 2-bromophenol (2-BP) (a bromobenzene (BB) metabolite), due to its action on the kidneys, after repeated administration. Investigations were performed on female rats. Following a single dose, the most pronounced changes involved: concentrations and rates of excretion of proteins in urine, the number of epithelial cells excreted in urine, creatinine and urea clearance and reduced glutathione in renal tissue.

Distinct epigenetic phenotypes in seminomatous and nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumors.

The genetic nature of testicular germ cell tumors and the molecular mechanisms underlying the morphological and clinical differences between the two subtypes, seminomas and nonseminomas, remains unclear. Genetic studies show that both subtypes exhibit many of the same regional genomic disruptions, although the frequencies vary and few clear differences are found. We demonstrate significant epigenetic differences between seminomas and nonseminomas by restriction landmark genomic scanning.

Genome profiles of familial/bilateral and sporadic testicular germ cell tumors.

In order to investigate the genetics of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs), we examined 33 TGCTs, including 15 familial/bilateral and 18 sporadic tumors, using comparative genomic hybridization. The frequencies of the histological subtypes were comparable between the two groups. Gains of the whole or parts of chromosome 12 were found in 30 tumors (91%).